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Product Name: Titanium Tetrachloride
Chemical Formula: TiCl4
Common Synonyms: Titanium(IV) chloride, Tetrachlorotitanium
Recommended Use: Intermediate in titanium dioxide production, catalyst in organic synthesis, smoke screen manufacture
Manufacturers: Major global chemical producers, specialty chemical suppliers
Emergency Contact: Refer to supplier’s emergency response number featured on original packaging, Poison Control Center numbers may apply in case of exposure
Classification: Corrosive, Health hazard, Environmental hazard
Hazard Statements: Causes severe burns to skin and eyes, produces hydrochloric acid fumes on contact with moisture, strong respiratory irritant, potential to cause irreversible tissue damage
Precautionary Statements: Avoid inhalation and skin contact, handle using effective local exhaust ventilation, wear tightly fitting chemical splash goggles, face shield, and resistant gloves, keep containers tightly closed in well-ventilated spaces
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Corrosive (test tube spilling on hand and metal), gas under pressure
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, mucous membranes
Chemical Identity: Titanium Tetrachloride
CAS Number: 7550-45-0
Concentration: Pure substance, >99% TiCl4
Impurities: Potential traces of other titanium chlorides, iron chloride or vanadium chloride, usually at levels below 1%.
Stabilizers/Additives: Generally none in reagent grades
Inhalation: Remove person from exposure zone to fresh air immediately, support breathing as needed, seek urgent medical care – inhalation of fumes can cause serious lung injury
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes, rinse skin under running water for at least 15 minutes, use neutralizing solutions like sodium bicarbonate if available, do not delay medical attention
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with tepid, running water for at least 20 minutes, occasionally lift eyelids to ensure thorough rinse, after initial flushing seek ophthalmological care without delay
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water if conscious, seek immediate emergency medical care due to risk of esophageal and stomach perforation
General: Always provide safety data and symptom details to emergency responders and doctors
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical powder, sand, or appropriate foam; water can react violently and generate hydrogen chloride fumes
Special Hazards: Releases dense, corrosive hydrogen chloride gas when in contact with moisture including atmospheric humidity, exposure to high heat can cause decomposition
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full turnout gear, chemical splash suit, positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus
Firefighting Considerations: Avoid water application directly on spill, isolate scene, dike runoff to prevent contamination, cool containers with fog but don’t spray directly on material
Combustion Products: Titanium dioxide, titanium sub-chlorides, hydrogen chloride; smoke can be highly corrosive to skin, lungs, and eyes
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area except trained response teams, ensure responders wear full chemical protective clothing and eye/face protection
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from reaching waterways or drains, containment and neutralization is critical to avoid severe environmental acidification
Methods for Clean-up: Contain with sand, earth, or vermiculite, neutralize carefully with dilute sodium bicarbonate or soda ash, collect waste for regulatory disposition, ventilate area thoroughly
Other Considerations: Warn downstream users, use spark-proof tools, dike area to control spreading liquid
Safe Handling Practices: Use in chemical fume hood or controlled ventilated areas, avoid moisture at all stages, never handle in glass or ceramic containers—corrosion and release of hydrogen chloride gas can crack these materials
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas in tightly sealed corrosion-resistant containers, segregate from water, alcohols, strong bases and oxidizers
Incompatible Materials: Water, moist air, amines, metal oxides, alcohols, organic materials, strong bases
Packaging: High-grade stainless steel, polyethylene or PTFE-lined drums
Occupational Exposure Limits: Threshold limit value (TLV) for hydrochloric acid applies—2 ppm ceiling (ACGIH); no established value for TiCl4 itself
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, closed systems, chemical fume hood
Personal Protective Equipment: Full face shield and chemical splash goggles, acid-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), chemical-resistant apron or suit, rubber boots, respiratory protection (full-face or supplied air respirator for fume-rich environments)
Hygiene Measures: Wash exposed skin immediately, remove PPE before eating or drinking, refrain from wearing contact lenses in contaminated atmosphere
Control of Environmental Exposure: Spill control measures and neutralization procedures should be employed, air monitoring recommended in workplace
Appearance: Colorless to slightly yellow, fuming liquid
Odor: Pungent, stinging, suffocating acid gas smell owing to hydrolysis and HCl fume release
Melting Point: -24 °C
Boiling Point: 136.4 °C
Density: 1.726 g/cm³ at 25°C
Solubility: Reacts violently with water, not conventionally soluble
Vapor Pressure: 10.4 kPa at 25°C
pH: Not applicable, decomposes in water
Flash Point: Not flammable but reacts vigorously with water or moist air
Partition co-efficient (n-octanol/water): Not relevant - hydrolyzes instantly
Other Properties: Corrosive, produces dense white fumes in air, non-flammable liquid
Chemical Reactivity: Reacts violently with water, alcohols, and moist air, forming titanium dioxide and hydrochloric acid; the reaction liberates significant heat
Stability: Stable in dry, sealed containers under inert atmosphere
Incompatible Materials: Water, moisture, alkalis, strong oxidizing agents, metals prone to corrosion
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride gas, titanium oxides
Polymerization: Not expected to occur
Acute Toxicity: Highly corrosive, produces immediate burning and tissue destruction on contact with skin, mucosa, eyes; inhalation can cause fatal pulmonary edema, bronchospasm, coughing, choking
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, dermal, ocular, ingestion (rare)
Symptoms: Severe eye, skin burns and irritation, blurred vision, respiratory distress, extreme throat pain, lung damage
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure can lead to chronic bronchitis, scarring of cornea, permanent skin sensitivity
Carcinogenic Potential: Not classified as carcinogenic for humans by OSHA, NTP, or IARC as of most recent evaluations
Sensitization: Not known to cause allergic sensitization
Mutagenicity/Reproductive Toxicity: No data indicating mutagenic or reproductive effects in humans
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms once hydrolyzed—results in hydrochloric acid release, rapid pH drop, and possible gill damage.
Environmental Fate: Hydrolyzes instantly in moist environments to titanium dioxide and hydrochloric acid, neither persist as TiCl4
Bioaccumulation: Not expected for parent compound; rapid breakdown in environmental conditions
Soil Mobility: Not likely due to immediate reaction with water in soil, potential soil acidification
Other Hazards: Dense fumes can travel along ground and cause secondary chemical burns far from spill source
Product Disposal: Treat liquid with extreme care—add slowly to saturated soda ash solution with stirring and under proper ventilation, then neutralize; collect neutralized solids for permitted landfill
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse thoroughly with neutralizing solution before disposal, use professional waste contractor
Regulations: Follow all applicable local, regional, and national hazardous waste regulations
Do Not: Release material into sewers, waterways, or soil without neutralization and proper regulatory approval
UN Number: UN 1838
DOT Shipping Name: Titanium tetrachloride
Hazard Class: 8—Corrosive substances
Packing Group: I
Labels Required: Corrosive, Inhalation Hazard
Transport Precautions: Fully secure tightly sealed containers upright, keep away from water and incompatible loads, train personnel in emergency procedures for leaks and spills, first responders equipped with chemical protective gear
OSHA: Classified as hazardous, subject to hazardous communication requirements
EPA: Listed as hazardous substance under CERCLA; requires reporting if certain quantities are released
TSCA: Listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
REACH: Registration, evaluation and risk assessment required in European markets; falls under strict handling and reporting
Other International Regulations: Complies with transport and handling rules under IMDG, IATA, ADR; check national registries for workplace exposure and storage requirements
