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Product Name: Timolol Maleate (S-Form)
Chemical Formula: C13H24N4O3S C4H4O4
Synonyms: (-)-Timolol Maleate, Timoptic S-Form
CAS Number: 26921-17-5
Recommended Use: Pharmaceutical ingredient, research chemical
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GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral) – Category 4; Eye Irritant – Category 2A; Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure – Category 3
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, causes serious eye irritation, may cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, wash hands thoroughly after handling, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated area, wear protective gloves/eye protection
Pictograms: Exclamation mark
Other Dangers: No data on chronic toxicity; rare reports of systemic side effects in medical use
Chemical Name: Timolol Maleate (S-Form)
Concentration: ≥ 98% (by weight)
Impurities: Not present at hazardous levels; trace solvents possible, below reporting threshold
Molecular Weight: 432.5 g/mol
Ingredient List: Timolol Maleate (CAS: 26921-17-5), residual water and trace residual solvents from synthesis may be present below 0.1% each
Other Components: No hazardous stabilizers or additives known
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for several minutes, hold eyelids open, remove contact lenses if safe, seek medical attention if irritation persists
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with soap and plenty of water, get medical advice if irritation develops
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, maintain comfort, seek medical attention if breathing becomes difficult or symptoms persist
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel, consult a physician or Poison Control Center
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure: May include headache, dry mouth, dizziness, visual disturbances, possible bradycardia (slowed heart rate)
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Media: Do not use full water jet as it may spread powdered material
Hazards from Fire: Combustion releases harmful gases including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective clothing
Firefighters’ Instructions: Avoid inhaling combustion fumes, ensure adequate ventilation, evacuate area, cool containers with water spray to prevent pressure build-up
Personal Precautions: Avoid creating dust, ventilate area, keep unnecessary personnel away, wear suitable respiratory protection and gloves
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so, avoid discharge into drains, waterways, and soil
Methods for Cleanup: Sweep or scoop up solid material without creating dust, place in suitable marked closed containers, clean contaminated surfaces with water and detergent
Disposal: Dispose of collected material as hazardous waste according to local, regional, and national regulations
Decontamination: Rinse spill area thoroughly; check for any dust residues
Precautions for Safe Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling, use in a fume hood or with proper ventilation, avoid inhalation or ingestion, keep container tightly closed when not in use, avoid contact with skin, eyes, clothing
Safe Storage Conditions: Store in original, sealed containers, keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances (such as oxidizing agents, acids)
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, alkalis
Storage Temperature: 2–8°C recommended, protect from heat, moisture, light
Storage Class: Chemical storage category – pharmaceutical actives/regulated substances
Packaging Materials: High-density polyethylene or glass preferred for containment
Occupational Exposure Limits: No specific governmental OELs established; ACGIH/OSHA do not list; minimize exposure as for pharmaceutical actives
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, process enclosures, closed systems for weighing and dispensing
Personal Protective Equipment: Protective lab coat, nitrile gloves, safety goggles or face shield, dust mask or respirator with P2 or N95 filters if dust likely
Hygiene Measures: Remove personal protective equipment before leaving work area, wash hands before meals and after use, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking during handling
Monitoring: Regular workplace contamination monitoring recommended in pharmaceutical settings
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless or faint medicinal odor
Odor Threshold: Not established
pH: Neutral to slightly acidic in aqueous solution
Melting Point: 202–205°C (decomposition possible near melting)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Flash Point: Not determined
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable (solid compound)
Flammability: Not readily flammable
Upper/Lower Explosion Limits: No data
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Vapor Density: Not applicable
Density: Approx. 1.25 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, slightly soluble in methanol
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): −1.81
Auto-ignition Temperature: No data
Decomposition Temperature: Over 200°C
Viscosity: Not applicable
Molecular Structure: Stereospecific S-isomer, beta-blocker pharmacophore
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions, sensitive to moisture/
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, direct sunlight, oxidizing environments, strong acids
Incompatible Materials: Oxidizing agents, strong acids/base
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide, irritant fumes
Hazardous Reactions: No hazardous polymerization expected under recommended storage
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): approx. 415 mg/kg (as Timolol); human data show low toxicity at prescribed doses
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Not generally irritating to intact skin
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: May cause moderate to severe eye irritation
Respiratory Sensitization: Not classified as sensitizer; dust inhalation may cause airway discomfort
Skin Sensitization: Rare; no widespread reports
Repeated Dose Toxicity: Animal studies – dose-dependent cardiovascular and CNS effects
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: No evidence from animal studies; not classified by ACGIH, IARC, NTP, OSHA
Specific Target Organ Toxicity: Potential cardiovascular impact at high dose/exposure
Symptoms of Exposure: Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, bronchospasm, confusion, visual disturbances
Aquatic Toxicity: Expected to be harmful to aquatic organisms at high concentrations, LC50 (fish): not determined
Persistence and Degradability: Moderate, not rapidly biodegradable; potential for slow breakdown in environment
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low (log Kow < 0)
Mobility in Soil: Likely mobile; water-soluble nature allows for migration in aqueous phase
Other Adverse Effects: Unlikely impact on ozone layer, low vapor pressure, minimal risk of long-range atmospheric transport
Environmental Precautions: Prevent large discharges into surface or groundwater, avoid soil contamination
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect as hazardous pharmaceutical waste
Disposal of Product: Incinerate in a licensed facility, use chemical waste containers for collection
Disposal of Packaging: Triple rinse containers and offer for recycling if possible, dispose as regulated laboratory waste if contaminated
Precautions: Keep away from municipal sewers and household waste streams, ensure disposal follows local environmental authority guidelines
Additional Disposal Notes: Document disposal activities for regulatory compliance
UN Number: Not regulated for transport under ADR/RID/IMDG/IATA in typical quantities for laboratory use
Proper Shipping Name: Research chemical, non-dangerous goods
Transport Hazard Class: Not applicable
Packing Group: Not assigned
Marine Pollutant: Not designated
Transport Precautions: Protect packaging from damage, use outer secondary containment for bulk shipments, ensure label and documentation per destination country requirements
Regulation Status: Not scheduled under US DEA; prescription-only active ingredient (US FDA, EU, most global jurisdictions)
TSCA Status: Not listed
REACH: Not specifically registered; subject to REACH regulation as a manufactured/imported substance
Other Regulations: Subject to Controlled Substances regulations in some countries as a beta-blocker pharmaceutical
Inventory Listings: May not be listed on major national inventories due to pharmaceutical use
Labelling Requirements: Conforms to GHS/OSHA Hazard Communication Standard; avoid exposure, use PPE, minimize environmental release
Additional Guidance: Record-keeping required for regulated pharmaceutical handling, follow Good Laboratory/Manufacturing Practices throughout storage, transfer, and disposal
