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Product Name: Thallous Oxide
Chemical Formula: Tl2O
Synonyms: Thallium(I) oxide, Dithallium oxide
CAS Number: 1314-32-9
Use: Research, metallurgy, specialty glass manufacturing
Manufacturer: Industrial chemical suppliers, research distributors
Contact Information: Refer to specific supplier for address, emergency phone, and technical resources
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Inhalation, Dermal) – Category 2; Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Repeated Exposure, Chronic, Category 2; Aquatic Chronic Hazard, Category 2
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin, or if inhaled; Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Routes of Exposure: Ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact
Target Organs: Central nervous system, liver, kidneys, peripheral nerves
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, neuropathy, hair loss, convulsions, coma
Chemical Name: Thallous Oxide
Synonym: Thallium(I) Oxide
CAS Number: 1314-32-9
Concentration: 100%
Impurities/Additives: No significant impurities expected in the pure product
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air immediately; Call physician without delay; Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult
Ingestion: Seek urgent medical attention; Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical staff
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; Wash skin with copious amount of soap and water; Seek professional medical care
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for at least twenty minutes; Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing
Notes to Physician: Monitor for signs of thallium poisoning; Consider Prussian blue as a chelating treatment; Provide symptom-based supportive care
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry sand, dry powder, carbon dioxide; Do not use water directly on fire
Special Hazards: Toxic fumes of thallium and thallium oxides can form in fire; Risk of inhalation of toxic particulate
Protective Equipment: Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus
Firefighting Guidance: Approach fire from upwind to avoid inhaling hazardous substances; Contain runoff to prevent entry into water systems; Remove containers from area if possible without risk
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel; Use personal protective equipment: chemical-resistant gloves, face shield, lab coat
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further spillage or leakage; Avoid dispersal into soils, sewers, drains, waterways; Notify appropriate environmental authorities if large spill occurs
Cleanup Methods: Ventilate area thoroughly; Scoop up and collect spilled material with non-sparking tools, place in secure waste container for proper disposal; Wash contaminated area with plenty of water and detergent
Decontamination: Dispose of cleanup tools and materials as hazardous waste
Safe Handling: Only work in well-ventilated areas; Use equipment and procedures preventing exposure; Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work area
Storage Recommendations: Store in tightly sealed container in cool, dry, well-ventilated facility; Isolate from food and beverages; Deliberately restrict access to authorized personnel; Protect from incompatible materials such as strong acids, oxidizing or reducing agents
Special Precautions: Post warning signs in storage area; Maintain inventory and security for high-toxicity compounds; Inspect containers regularly for signs of corrosion or leaks
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV: 0.1 mg/m³ (Thallium, TLV-TWA as Tl); OSHA PEL: 0.1 mg/m³ (TWA, as thallium, skin)
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood or glovebox; Provide eyewash stations and emergency showers in immediate area
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemically resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), long-sleeved clothing, safety goggles, face shield, fitted respiratory protection with high-efficiency particulate filters
Hygiene Measures: Remove protective equipment and wash hands and face before leaving laboratory; Decontaminate workspaces after handling
Appearance: Black powder or crystals
Molecular Weight: 456.76 g/mol
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: 875°C
Boiling Point: 1500°C (decomposes)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; reacts with acids to form soluble thallium salts
Density: Approximately 8.9 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperature
pH: Not applicable
Other Properties: Decomposes on exposure to strong heat, releasing toxic fumes
Chemical Stability: Stable under standard storage and handling conditions; Sensitive to strong acids
Reactivity: Reacts with acids, forming highly toxic thallium salts and releasing heat; Avoid contact with water under hot conditions, oxidizing and reducing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Thallium oxides and possibly thallium metal vapors during decomposition or fire
Conditions to Avoid: Heating above decomposition temperature, moisture in high temperatures, contamination with incompatible substances
Acute Toxicity: Oral: LD50 (rat): ~40 mg/kg; Inhalation and dermal exposures equally hazardous
Chronic Toxicity: Cumulative poison; repeated small exposures cause severe nervous system and organ damage
Routes of Entry: Dermal absorption, inhalation of dust, accidental ingestion
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Symptoms of Exposure: Neuropathy, tremors, fatigue, alopecia, severe abdominal distress, potentially fatal systemic effects; delayed onset common
Other Effects: May cause reproductive toxicity and developmental harm
Medical Surveillance: Routine biomonitoring for workers at risk; monitor urine and blood thallium concentrations
Persistence: Thallous oxide does not degrade rapidly in the environment
Bioaccumulation: Thallium accumulates in aquatic organisms, plants, and food chains; persistent threat
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic life with long-term effects; even small releases disrupt pond, river, lake, and marine systems
Mobility in Soil: Soluble thallium salts formed in acidic conditions migrate quickly; risk to groundwater
Other Hazards: Harmful to wildlife, birds, and livestock; strict containment critical for environmental protection
Waste Treatment Methods: Treat wastes containing thallous oxide as hazardous; use licensed chemical waste contractor
Disposal Procedures: Seal in clearly labeled, compatible container; prevent accidental access or release; incinerate in permitted hazardous waste facility or landfill meeting all regulatory requirements for heavy metals
Contaminated Packaging: Dispose containers in same manner as substance
Disposal Precautions: Avoid entry into sewage, surface, or ground water; comply with national, regional, and local environmental regulations
UN Number: UN1707
Proper Shipping Name: Thallium compound, n.o.s. (includes Thallous Oxide)
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: I
Labels: Toxic
Additional Requirements: Special driver training for toxic shipments; emergency response guide for carriers; packaging must prevent dust release and withstand breakage
Regulatory Transportation: Subject to air, sea, and land transport restrictions under IATA, IMDG, and DOT rules
TSCA (United States): Listed
REACH (Europe): Registration required; strict handling measures; may require Authorization
SARA Title III: Reportable under Section 302 (EHS), Section 313 (Toxic Chemical Release Inventory)
OSHA: Covered under General Industry Standards for highly hazardous chemicals
RoHS: Banned for use in electronic equipment in some regions
Other Local/International: National, regional, and local guidelines apply to use, release, and disposal; users must remain up-to-date with any regulatory changes for thallium compounds
