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Product Name: Thallous Bromide
Chemical Formula: TlBr
CAS Number: 7789-40-4
Synonyms: Thallium(I) bromide, Thallium monobromide
Recommended Use: Used in research, semiconductor applications, optics
Manufacturer Details: Supplier name, address, and contact information required on shipping documents
Emergency Phone Number: Refer to supplier or national poisoning center contacts for immediate response
Classification: Acute Toxicity – Oral (Category 2), Acute Toxicity – Dermal (Category 2), Acute Toxicity – Inhalation (Category 2)
Label Elements: Skull and crossbones pictogram, signal word “Danger,” hazard statements: fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled
Key Hazards: High toxicity, potential to cause severe poisoning with neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular effects
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion
Target Organs: Central nervous system, kidneys, liver
Chemical Identity: Thallous Bromide
Concentration: 100% (single substance product)
EC Number: 232-162-9
Molecular Weight: 284.32 g/mol
Impurities: Trace metals may be present depending on synthesis, but do not affect core hazard profile
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, begin resuscitation if breathing has stopped, keep at rest, seek immediate medical attention
Skin Contact: Take off contaminated clothing and wash skin with copious amounts of water and soap, seek medical care if symptoms appear
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, lift eyelids to ensure thorough irrigation, contact poison control and seek medical help without delay
Ingestion: Get emergency medical help immediately, rinse mouth with water but never induce vomiting unless instructed by certified medical professional
General Notes: Move exposed individual to safety, preserve containers or labels for physician reference, provide symptomatic and supportive care as thallium poisoning can be fatal
Flammability: Does not ignite under normal conditions, thallous bromide itself is not combustible
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam for surrounding materials, do not use water directly on spillage
Hazardous Combustion Products: Thallium oxides and bromine compounds can form if the compound decomposes under high heat
Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective garments are critical for firefighters, as fumes can carry severe health risks
Fire Precautions: Control runoff to prevent environmental release, evacuate area and ventilate until all vapors or fumes clear
Personal Precautions: Wear heavy duty gloves, chemical-resistant clothing, goggles, and an approved respirator to prevent exposure
Spill Response: Avoid creating dust, carefully collect spillage using HEPA-filtered vacuum or wet sweeping, do not allow to get into drains or sewers
Environmental Precautions: Prevent soil or water contamination, block access of spilled material from leaving containment zone, inform local environmental agencies if large spills occur
Cleanup Method: Place all waste in clearly labeled, sealed containers, decontaminate surfaces with appropriate solutions such as dilute sodium thiosulfate
Disposal: Handle as hazardous waste under national or local regulations, do not attempt neutralization without expert supervision
Precautions for Handling: Work in fume hood or well-ventilated area, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while working, wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling
Storage Recommendations: Store in tight, well-sealed containers with clear labeling, restrict access to authorized and trained individuals only, keep away from any strong acids, oxidizers, and foodstuffs
Temperature/Humidity: Maintain in cool, dry, and stable surroundings, avoid areas with frequent temperature changes
Other Requirements: Maintain a spill kit and first aid materials nearby, train staff to respond to emergencies related to exposure
Engineering Controls: Deploy chemical fume hoods, local exhaust systems, or full containment enclosures for all operations involving powder or dust generation
Exposure Limits: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) PEL for thallium: 0.1 mg/m³ (as Tl), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) TLV: 0.1 mg/m³ (as Tl)
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear splash-resistant goggles, nitrile or neoprene gloves, long-sleeved protective garments, and in some cases, a P3 or P100 respirator
Hygiene Practices: Do not bring contaminated clothing outside controlled work areas, perform regular medical checks for frequent or high-risk handlers
Appearance: White or colorless crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: 460 °C
Boiling Point: 815 °C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (0.89 g/100ml at room temp), dissolves better in concentrated acids
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Density: 7.56 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Partition Coefficient: Not readily available, due to low organic solubility
Flash Point: Not applicable
Other Properties: Stable under ordinary conditions, crystalline powder may cause dust explosions if dispersed in mixed waste scenarios
Chemical Stability: Stable in dry air, deteriorates if exposed to moist environments over extended periods
Hazardous Reactions: Can react with strong oxidizing acids forming toxic gases like bromine and thallium oxides
Decomposition Products: Thallium oxide fumes, hydrogen bromide, and possible elemental bromine under extreme heat or acid exposure
Reactivity: Incompatible with strong acids, oxidizers, and some moist compounds that promote hydrolysis
Acute Toxicity: Extremely toxic by all routes, oral LD50 values for rats around 20 mg/kg
Inhalation Effects: Respiratory tract irritation, headaches, tremors, pain, risk of fatal poisoning
Skin Effects: Thallium penetrates skin, causing burns, redness, systemic toxicity
Eye Contact: Irritation, risk of corneal damage with prolonged exposure
Chronic Exposure: May affect nerves (peripheral neuropathy, insomnia), hair loss (alopecia), kidney and liver disorders, cardiovascular symptoms
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC or NTP, but the compound’s high toxicity means long-term studies are limited
Other Health Effects: May damage fertility, possible birth defects, cumulative toxicity after repeated exposures
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, bioaccumulative in aquatic food chains
Persistence: Thallous bromide can remain in soils or sediment for years, risking entry into food supplies
Mobility: Limited mobility due to partial insolubility, but runoff of thallium can spread contamination
Environmental Impact: Even small amounts can poison wildlife, do not release to environment intentionally or by accident
Disposal Considerations: Follow specific hazardous waste protocols, avoid disposing into the wastewater system
Waste Identification: Classified as hazardous waste in EU, US, and most jurisdictions
Procedures: Collect residues and waste in sealed, labeled containers approved for toxic material
Treatment: Do not attempt chemical neutralization on site unless approved, transfer to licensed chemical waste handling company or facility
Container Cleaning: Decontaminate tools and containers using reagents such as sodium thiosulfate, collect wash water for hazardous disposal
Legal Compliance: Consult state or local environmental protection laws, secure required documentation for all transfers
UN Number: UN1707
Shipping Name: Thallium compounds, n.o.s. (including Thallous Bromide)
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic Substance)
Packing Group: II (Medium danger)
Label Requirements: Toxic materials label required, clearly visible on all outer packaging
Transport Regulations: Passenger and cargo aircraft restrictions may apply, follow International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG), and US Department of Transportation (DOT) rules
Special Provisions: Store away from food, animal feeds; provide detailed shipping documents with emergency contacts
International Regulations: Complies with the European Union’s REACH regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals), listed under Annex I of substances of very high concern
US Regulations: Thallium compounds appear on CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act), SARA Title III Section 313, and California Proposition 65
Labeling: Follows OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), includes hazard pictograms, signal words, and comprehensive safety phrases
Other National Law: Additional restrictions and reporting may apply based on workplace safety or community right-to-know laws
Workplace Controls: Facilities handling Thallous Bromide often require specific health monitoring, exposure reports, and training records retained as part of occupational health compliance
