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Product Name: Thallium Nitrate
Chemical Formula: TlNO3
CAS Number: 10102-45-1
Synonyms: Nitric acid, thallium(1+) salt
Recommended Use: Chemical research, laboratory reagent, specialized manufacturing
Supplier Contact: Refer to product packaging or supplier website for emergency contacts
Emergency Phone Number: Chemtrec: 1-800-424-9300 (US), international numbers listed on manufacturer SDS
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity Oral (Category 2), Acute Toxicity Dermal (Category 2), Acute Toxicity Inhalation (Category 2), Specific Target Organ Toxicity – repeated exposure (Category 2), Eye Irritation (Category 2), Environmental Hazard – Aquatic Chronic (Category 2)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled. Causes serious eye irritation. Suspected of causing genetic defects. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark, health hazard, environment
Precautionary Statements: Do not breathe dust or fumes. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Avoid release to the environment.
Chemical Name: Thallium(I) nitrate
Synonyms: Thallous nitrate
CAS Number: 10102-45-1
Concentration: 98–100% (as specified by supplier)
Impurities: Trace amounts of heavy metals may be present, depending on the synthesis process
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air immediately. Keep person calm and warm. Seek medical attention urgently. Provide oxygen if breathing becomes difficult.
Skin Contact: Remove any contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with plenty of water and soap for a minimum of 20 minutes. Get immediate medical help.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids apart. Remove contact lenses only if easy to do so. Contact a poison center or physician immediately.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Immediate medical care required.
Important Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, headache, muscle weakness, tremors, vision disturbances, respiratory or cardiac failure may develop—watch for delayed symptoms up to a week.
Advice to Doctor: Treat symptomatically. Antidotes such as Prussian blue may help reduce absorption. Monitor blood thallium levels.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder, foam, or CO2. Use water spray for cooling containers only, not for direct extinguishing.
Specific Hazards: Toxic metal oxide fumes and nitrogen oxides can form during combustion.
Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective suit required for fire-fighters.
Precautions: Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. Avoid breathing gases, smoke or vapors generated by fire.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Restrict access to spill area. Wear full protective clothing including gloves, eye protection, and a respirator rated for toxic dusts.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains, waterways, or soil.
Methods for Cleaning Up: Avoid raising dust. Gently sweep up and place in a suitable, sealed, labeled container for hazardous waste disposal. Use approved HEPA vacuum or wet-cleaning methods only. Wash area with copious water and collect contaminated water for disposal.
Safe Handling: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Do not breathe dust or gases. Use only in approved fume hood. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Storage: Store locked up in original container. Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, protected from incompatible materials such as strong acids, reducing agents, organic materials.
Special Requirements: Containers must be clearly labeled and checked regularly for integrity. Avoid storing near high-traffic areas or where risk of accidental release exists.
Incompatible Materials: Avoid mixing with sulfur, phosphorus, reducing agents, strong acids, combustibles.
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 0.1 mg/m3 (as Tl), ACGIH TLV: 0.1 mg/m3 (as Tl)
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood with adequate exhaust and containment. Provide eyewash stations and emergency showers in immediate area.
Personal Protection: Respirator with appropriate filter (e.g., NIOSH-approved P100), chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile or neoprene), lab coat with long sleeves, closed-toe shoes, safety goggles or face shield.
Hygiene Measures: Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Do not eat, drink or smoke in work areas. Wash hands and face after handling and before eating or drinking.
Appearance: White or colorless crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: ~206°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Not applicable; decomposes before boiling
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at standard conditions
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Density: 5.24 g/cm3 (approximate)
pH: Not available
Partition Coefficient: Not determined
Flash Point: Not flammable
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not available
Decomposition Temperature: Above 206°C
Other Properties: Strong oxidizer; forms toxic gases on heating or contact with acids
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.
Reactivity: Strong oxidizer—may react vigorously with reducing agents, organics, combustible material.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, friction, shock, moisture.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, phosphorus, sulfur, reducing agents, organic matter, finely divided metals.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, thallium oxides, other toxic fumes.
Polymerization: No dangerous polymerization expected.
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 25 mg/kg. Dermal LD50 (rabbit): 48 mg/kg. Fatal if swallowed, inhaled or in contact with skin, even in small amounts.
Chronic Exposure: Causes cumulative toxicity, especially to nervous system, GI tract, skin, hair follicles, kidneys, and liver.
Symptoms: Fatigue, headaches, confusion, limb pain, ataxia, vomiting, hair loss (alopecia), polyneuropathy, organ failure.
Mutagenicity: Evidence of genetic mutation risk in laboratory studies.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as human carcinogen by OSHA, IARC, or NTP; has shown tumorigenic effects in animal models at high doses.
Reproductive Toxicity: Linked to fertility and developmental toxicity; avoid exposure if pregnant or planning pregnancy.
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms; rapid bioaccumulation in food chains; causes reproductive and neurological problems in wildlife.
Persistence and Degradability: Thallium ions remain in the environment for years, do not break down naturally.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Strong tendency to bioaccumulate, especially in aquatic species and plants.
Mobility in Soil: Very mobile in water and soil—risk of groundwater contamination.
Other Adverse Effects: No known ozone depletion, global warming or photochemical ozone creation effects; risk lies in toxicity and bioaccumulation.
Disposal Methods: Collect waste in labeled, sealed, chemical-resistant containers. Do not dispose of in domestic waste, sinks, or drains.
Hazardous Waste Code: US EPA: D004 (thallium compounds waste)
Recommended Treatment: Managed by licensed professional hazardous waste contractor. Preferred options are high temperature incineration and stabilization before landfill, following local and federal laws.
Contaminated Packaging: Decontaminate or dispose of as hazardous chemical waste.
Special Precautions: Do not attempt to neutralize or flush to the environment. All clean-up residues must be handled as hazardous material.
UN Number: UN 3288
UN Proper Shipping Name: Toxic Solid, Inorganic, N.O.S. (contains thallium nitrate)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Labels: Toxic
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant
Special Transport Precautions: Only trained, licensed personnel may handle for transport. Secure, seal, and label containers. Emergency response information must accompany shipment.
Regulatory Transport Info: Refer to IMDG, ICAO/IATA, and DOT rules for all transport modes.
US Regulations: CERCLA Reportable Quantity: 100 lbs. SARA 302: Not listed. SARA 313: Subject to reporting for thallium compounds. Extremely hazardous under OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200.
International Regulations: Listed on the EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) list, including harmonized hazard statements. Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) applies for import and use in Europe.
State Regulations: California Proposition 65: Listed as chemical known to cause reproductive toxicity. Other state right-to-know regulations apply in MA, NJ, PA.
Inventory Listings: US TSCA: Listed. EU EINECS: 233-567-6. Canadian DSL: Listed.
Occupational Exposure: Strict workplace monitoring, reporting, and control rules enforced—for laboratory and industrial use only.
