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Chemical Name: Sulfonated Kerosene
Common Names: Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, modified kerosene, emulsifying solvent
Intended Use: Mineral processing, emulsifier applications in industry
Main Appearance: Brownish viscous liquid, characteristic kerosene odor
Solubility: Partially dispersible in water, blends easily into process fluids
Key Identifiers: Strong, oily smell; leaves oily residue on surfaces after contact; causes mild skin slickness
Physical Hazards: Flammable; vapor accumulation ignites readily near open flames, hot surfaces, or static discharge
Health Risks: Causes skin and eye irritation; prolonged contact brings about dermatitis or more serious irritation; inhalation of vapor can trigger respiratory discomfort or headache
Environmental Impact: Toxic to aquatic organisms; runoff or accidental discharge may cause soil or water contamination
Fire Hazards: Forms flammable mixtures with air; can create dense, irritating smoke if burned
Warning Signs: Use in poorly ventilated areas increases risks; residue builds up on skin and can intensify sensitivity
Main Components: Sulfonated hydrocarbons (60–90%), untreated kerosene fractions, proprietary surfactant additives
Potential Impurities: Aromatic hydrocarbons, minor polycyclic compounds
Toxic Components: May include trace benzene, naphthalene, or other C10–C16 aromatic derivatives, all considered hazardous at high concentrations
Additives: Ingredients and proportions often held confidential; not all ingredients carry the same risk
Skin Contact: Flush affected area with copious running water and remove contaminated clothing; soap helps with residue removal; persistent irritation signals need for medical attention
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently for at least fifteen minutes; blinking helps dislodge oily film; never rub eyes
Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; dizziness or breathing difficulty means professional care is needed
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; sip clean water if possible; professional healthcare input becomes urgent for severe reactions
Suitable Extinguishers: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide
Improper Extinguishing Medium: Direct water jet spreads fire; water spray can cool containers
Firefighting Gear: Self-contained breathing apparatus, heavy gloves, eye protection
Potential Combustion Byproducts: Toxic fumes of sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, smoke
Evacuation: Keep safe distance if fire grows beyond control; remove nearby containers if safe
Personal Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, boots, goggles
Spill Clean-Up: Stop source if safe; absorb spillage with sand, earth, or commercial absorbent; avoid direct contact
Ventilation: Keep area well-aired to minimize fume inhalation
Environmental Safeguards: Block drains; prevent solution seeping into sewers or water bodies where harm increases over time
Disposal: Shovel contaminated absorbent into proper waste drums for hazardous disposal
Safe Handling: Avoid splashing or misting; use with proper ventilation or fume extraction; do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with product
Storage Conditions: Store in closed, labeled containers away from heat, sparks, or direct sunlight; cool, well-ventilated areas best
Incompatibilities: Keep away from oxidizing agents and acids; finished product can corrode mild steel or react with aggressive chemicals
Protective Clothing: Impermeable gloves, coveralls, chemical splash goggles, face protection
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands after handling; do not reuse contaminated gear
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust or general room ventilation reduces airborne levels; fume hoods often improve safety in labs
Exposure Limits: No broad consensus on exact safe exposure levels, though industry often references mineral oil mist guidelines
Physical State: Heavy liquid
Color: Ranges pale yellow to dark brown
Odor: Intense kerosene smell, sometimes slightly sulfurous
Flash Point: Varies (usually above 60°C); risk of ignition with open flame
Boiling Range: Broad due to mixture; components vaporize at low to moderate heat
Solubility: Partially mixes with water; disperses well in oils or process streams
Vapor Pressure: Low to moderate
Density: Greater than water; sinks if spilled into water
Chemical Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions; decomposes at high temperatures to toxic gases
Reactive With: Strong oxidizers, nitrates, chlorine, and acids increase risk of sudden reaction
Decomposition: Extended heat or fire brings about sulfur oxides, dense smoke
Dangerous Polymerization: Unlikely, but unwanted reactions can occur with poor product segregation
Acute Effects: Irritation of eyes and skin, dizziness, headaches possible after brief exposure
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated skin contact sometimes leads to dermatitis or persistent skin sensitivity
Inhalation Risks: Breathing in vapor or mist causes cough or burning in nose and throat
Carcinogenic Potential: Certain aromatic fractions have a track record of being linked with higher cancer risks in occupational exposure
Vulnerable Groups: Children, elderly, persons with pre-existing sensitivity are at higher risk
Immediate Toxicity: Discharged into waterways, quickly poisons aquatic life
Persistence: Breaks down slowly in soil and water; danger lingers for long periods
Bioaccumulation: Tendency for hydrocarbons to accumulate in living creatures leads to food chain impacts
Wastewater Concerns: Even small amounts upset water treatment processes, making recovery more difficult
Larger Spills: Contaminates soil, drinking water, and damages both plant and animal life around spill site
Preferred Disposal: Ship waste to licensed hazardous waste incineration or treatment site
Sewer Avoidance: Never pour down drains; municipal facilities struggle to neutralize sulfonated hydrocarbons
Container Disposal: Empty drums and containers need careful cleaning or specialty processing
Legal Requirements: Both local and international regulations enforce strict waste handling
Shipping Class: Often classified as flammable liquid for transport
Special Packaging: Leakproof drums, warning labels required
Handling Precautions: Load on trucks or rail in ventilated, secured areas; avoid direct sun and heat
Spill Response in Transit: Quick damming, sand barriers if accident occurs; contact local spill response units where possible
Labelling Laws: Enforced under OSHA, local and international GHS guidance; pictograms required on packaging
SARA and TSCA Status: Some components feature on U.S. hazardous and toxic inventories; similar lists exist globally
Worker Rights: Employees expect clear training, protective equipment, right to safe working conditions
Reporting: Larger spills involve immediate notification of regional authorities; records kept for years as regulatory check
