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Chemical Name: Stibine
Synonyms: Antimony hydride, Antimony trihydride
Chemical Formula: SbH3
UN Number: UN 2689
CAS Number: 7803-52-3
Use: Semiconductor industry, chemical synthesis, analytical chemistry, laboratory investigations
Manufacturer Details: Refer to specific supplier documentation and regulatory contact.
Emergency Contact: Local poison control or chemical emergency response numbers for hazardous gas leaks.
Physical State: Colorless gas
Odor: Unpleasant, similar to rotten eggs or garlic
Hazard Class: Toxic gas, flammable gas
Major Risks: Extremely toxic upon inhalation, may cause severe health effects or death even at low concentrations; flammable, forms explosive mixtures with air; forms metal hydride dusts on surfaces
Route of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact
Acute Effects: Headache, nausea, dizziness, hemolysis, kidney and liver damage
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure can cause anemia, neurological deficits, organ failure
Label Elements: Signal word: Danger, Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, flame, health hazard
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (inhalation, category 1), Flammable gas (category 1)
Chemical: Stibine
Common Name: Antimony trihydride
Concentration: 100% pure gas, no known stabilizers or impurities of concern
CAS Number: 7803-52-3
EC Number: 232-017-0
Inhalation: Remove exposed person to fresh air without direct exposure of responder, begin emergency oxygen or artificial respiration if breathing is absent or labored, contact emergency medical help urgently; monitor for delayed pulmonary symptoms.
Skin Contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing, flush area with copious water, seek emergency medical attention for any irritation or signs of toxicity.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with clean water for at least 15 minutes, keep eyelids apart, seek immediate medical care.
Ingestion: Stibine is a gas—ingestion unlikely; treat for possible systemic poisoning if exposure route is uncertain.
Note to Physicians: Supportive care, monitor for signs of hemolysis and organ damage, possible exchange transfusion in severe cases, no specific antidote.
Emergency Guidelines: Always move patient to uncontaminated area, obtain medical evaluation rapidly, avoid direct rescue entry unless properly protected.
Extinguishing Media: Suitable agents include dry chemical, CO2, or inert gas (nitrogen or argon) if leak is small and risk to responders is manageable; avoid water directly on leaking gas or containers.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Antimony oxides, hydrogen, smoke
Properties: Highly flammable, explosive mixtures with air from 1.6% to 40% by volume
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Fully encapsulating protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus required; approach from upwind, use water only to cool exposed containers, do not use water to suppress the gas cloud.
Unusual Fire/Explosion Hazards: Rapid decomposition, highly toxic gas cloud, possible re-ignition upon mixing with air; may react violently with oxidizers.
Fire Precaution Tips: Isolate hazard area, leave area immediately in case of uncontained release, evacuate personnel, notify fire services with gas details.
Personal Protection: Do not attempt cleanup without full-face, positive-pressure air supply and chemical-protective clothing.
Evacuation: Evacuate all untrained personnel, ventilate affected area if safe, restrict entry.
Containment: Shut off leaks if possible without risk, prevent entry into confined spaces, protect drains, sewers.
Decontamination Methods: Use non-combustible absorbents for liquid cooled vapor traps, neutralize and dispose in accordance with hazardous chemical guidelines.
Environmental Spill Response: Prevent further leakage if it is safe, notify appropriate authorities, initiate site air monitoring and environmental sampling.
Incident Management: Establish emergency zones based on wind conditions and building airflow, coordinate with hazardous materials team.
Handling Precautions: Use only in controlled environments with qualified personnel and gas detection systems, avoid high temperatures, open flames, static discharge, and physical shock.
Ventilation: Mechanical exhaust and local ventilation in locations where containers are opened or used.
Protective Measures: Store and use away from incompatible materials (oxidizers, acids, halogens), avoid all direct contact, secure valves, and use pressure-rated equipment.
Storage Conditions: Keep containers in tightly covered, cool, well-ventilated areas, store away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Container Requirements: Cylinders equipped with proper gas-specific regulators and safety valves, periodic cylinder inspection, grounding and bonding during transfer.
Occupational Exposure Limits: NIOSH REL: 0.1 ppm (0.14 mg/m3) TWA; OSHA PEL: 0.1 ppm (0.14 mg/m3) TWA; ACGIH TLV: 0.1 ppm (0.13 mg/m3) TWA.
Monitoring: Continuous air monitoring required in active use environments, with alarmed detection for leaks.
Engineering Controls: Explosion-proof and corrosion-resistant exhaust systems, gas cabinets or ventilated enclosures, automatic shutoff valves, regular leak checks.
Personal Protective Equipment: Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus or supplied air respirators, chemical and flame-resistant protective clothing, gloves (nitrile, PVA, butyl rubber), full-face shields or goggles.
Hygiene Measures: Wash thoroughly after use, no eating, drinking, or smoking in proximity, decontaminate equipment and clothing after task completion.
Appearance: Colorless gas
Odor: Fetid, similar to hydrogen sulfide or phosphine
Molecular Weight: 124.78 g/mol
Boiling Point: -17°C (-0.4°F)
Melting Point: -88°C (-126°F)
Vapor Pressure: 2.4 atm at 21°C (70°F)
Solubility: Poorly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents.
Density: 3.7 kg/m3 at 0°C
Flammability Limits in Air: 1.6% - 40% (by volume)
Autoignition Temperature: 38°C (100°F)
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes slowly at ambient temperature.
Vapor Density: 4.3 (air = 1)
Stability: Unstable, degrades in presence of light, heat, catalysts, or contact with oxidizers.
Chemical Stability: Unstable, prone to spontaneous decomposition, especially in air or light
Reactivity: Reacts violently with strong oxidizers, halogens
Decomposition Products: Antimony metal, hydrogen, toxic antimony oxides
Incompatible Materials: Oxygen, ozone, halogens, nitric acid, fluorine
Hazardous Polymerization: Not known to polymerize, but decomposes rapidly on standing or heating.
Special Precautions: Avoid all sources of ignition, static discharge, and contamination with metals or acids.
Acute Toxicity: Extremely toxic via inhalation—LC50 in rats is less than 100 ppm for 1 hour; symptoms begin quickly after exposure and may include respiratory distress, anemia, hemolysis, liver and renal damage, convulsions.
Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged or repeated exposure may provoke persistent anemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, neurotoxic symptoms.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP; related antimony compounds classified as possible carcinogens.
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal studies indicate possible effects on fertility, not confirmed in humans.
Sensitization: No evidence for stibine, though related compounds may cause dermatitis.
Target Organs: Blood, liver, kidneys, central nervous system.
Mutagenicity: No direct evidence, but related antimony compounds show weak mutagenicity in some tests.
Environmental Toxicity: High potential for acute toxicity to aquatic organisms, gas phase release exposes wildlife and nearby water bodies.
Persistence: Decomposes in air forming antimony oxides, which persist and bioaccumulate.
Bioaccumulation: Antimony compounds can concentrate in aquatic and terrestrial food webs.
Mobility: Gas will dissipate swiftly; degradation leads to more long-lived substances.
Degradation Products: Sb oxides, metallic antimony, non-biodegradable in environment.
Aquatic Hazard: Potentially hazardous to fish and invertebrates at low levels; downstream contamination threatens biodiversity.
Waste Handling: Do not vent directly to atmosphere. Recover gas into specialized scrubbers, burn in monitored incinerators with acid gas removal, or return to supplier for cylinder reclamation.
Disposal Methods: Rinse involved equipment under fume hood with proper neutralizers. Decontaminate as hazardous waste.
Contaminated Packaging: Cylinder return via licensed gas supplier, marked as hazardous material.
Regulatory Notes: Adhere to regional, national, and international hazardous substance disposal regulations; documented disposal procedures and manifesting required.
UN Number: 2689
Proper Shipping Name: Stibine, compressed gas
Transport Hazard Class: 2.3 (Toxic gas), subsidiary 2.1 (flammable gas)
Packing Group: Not applicable
Label Requirements: Toxic gas, flammable gas markings on all containers
Special Precautions during Transport: Secure upright, protect from mechanical impact, vehicle ventilation required, emergency response information on board, no public transit allowed.
Regulatory References: DOT, IATA, IMDG code specific for compressed toxic gases.
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) Code: 117
OSHA: Listed as hazardous and regulated in the workplace, strict airborne exposure thresholds for worker health.
EPA: Listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act inventory, subject to reporting under CERCLA for accidental releases.
EU Regulation: REACH substance of concern, CLP regulation for labeling and safety documentation.
Canadian WHMIS: Class A—Compressed Gas; Class D, Division 1, Subdivision A—Very Toxic Material
Other Regulations: Must comply with local, national, and international transportation and environmental protection laws. All worker training, site procedures, and labeling should match requirements for extremely toxic and flammable gases.
