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Product Name: Stavudine
Synonyms: 2′,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine, d4T
Chemical Family: Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
Molecular Formula: C10H12N2O4
Molecular Weight: 224.22 g/mol
CAS Number: 3056-17-5
Intended Use: Antiviral agent, pharmaceutical manufacturing
Company Information: Manufacturer or distributor contact with local emergency phone number
Emergency Telephone: Poison control center or relevant local contact
GHS Classification: Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single Exposure) – Category 3; Reproductive Toxicity – Category 2
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: May cause respiratory irritation; suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, Health hazard
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Potential Health Effects: Prolonged exposure could lead to peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, anemia, fatigue, GI disturbances
Chemical Name: Stavudine
Concentration: ≥98% pure
Impurities: Trace amounts of related nucleoside analogs and processing byproducts
Other Ingredients: None declared for raw chemical
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Skin Contact: Wash affected area under running water with non-abrasive soap for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical help if skin reaction occurs.
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately. Keep at rest, and seek medical aid for breathing difficulty.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical advice and provide information on the product.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water jet may disperse powder
Special Hazards: Combustion may release toxic fumes like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
Precautions: Prevent runoff from fire control from entering waterways or sewers
Personal Precautions: Use personal protective equipment to avoid direct contact with dust. Ventilate area to avoid inhalation.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe. Do not allow entry into sewers or waterways.
Methods for Cleanup: Sweep up without creating dust and place in suitable, sealed waste container for proper disposal. Wipe area with damp cloth using minimal water.
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas. Minimize exposure to dust. Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Storage: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as oxidizing agents. Protect from light and moisture. Keep away from food and animal feed.
Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits specific to stavudine. Follow general pharmaceutical exposure control guidance.
Engineering Controls: Work in a fume hood or local exhaust system. Use closed processes when possible.
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear lab coats, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or similar), protective goggles, and dust mask or OSHA-approved respirator.
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
pH (1% w/v aqueous): Approximately 6.5–7.5
Boiling Point: Not determined
Melting Point: Around 166–174°C
Solubility in Water: Soluble
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): Approximately -1.1
Flash Point: Not determined (non-volatile solid)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible under ambient conditions
Relative Density: Not determined
Auto-Ignition Temperature: No data available
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Conditions to Avoid: High heat, humidity, direct sunlight
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids
Hazardous Decomposition: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides under combustion
Hazardous Reactions: No hazardous polymerization reported
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): > 2000 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Not classified as corrosive; mild irritation possible
Eye Damage/Irritation: May cause irritation on contact
Respiratory Sensitization: May cause irritation
Germ Cell Mutagenicity: Evidence suggests low risk under therapeutic exposures
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: Risk to fetus based on animal studies and human data
Target Organ Effects: Peripheral nerves, pancreas, bone marrow at high or chronic doses
Symptoms of Overexposure: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, neuropathy, rash, anemia
Ecotoxicity: Data not fully available, but pharmaceuticals may impact aquatic environments at low concentrations
Persistence and Degradability: Limited data, expected to be moderately persistent
Bioaccumulation: Low potential due to chemical structure
Mobility in Soil: Soluble in water, likely to migrate through soils
Other Adverse Effects: No specific data for terrestrial or aquatic toxicity
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose of via licensed specialist contractors. Unused product as hazardous chemical waste.
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse thoroughly before recycling where permitted. Dispose of as hazardous waste.
Environmental Precautions: Do not flush into surface or groundwater. Prevent release to the environment.
Local Regulations: Follow applicable regional, national, and local laws and regulations.
UN Number: Not regulated for transport
UN Proper Shipping Name: Not applicable
Transport Hazard Class: Not classified as dangerous good
Packing Group: Not applicable
Special Precautions: Protect from falls, breakage, and contamination during transport
Environmental Hazards: Avoid unintentional release during shipment
Transport in Bulk: Observe good pharmaceutical transport practice
Inventory Status: Listed or notified in chemical inventories (e.g., TSCA, EINECS, DSL)
Labeling Requirements: Follow workplace and OSHA/WHMIS labeling standards
Regulations: Subject to regulation as a pharmaceutical substance under FDA, EMA, or relevant authority
Right-to-Know Listings: Not on major state right-to-know lists
SARA Title III: Not subject to specific reporting requirements
REACH Status: Registration not required for medicinal use; consult local legislation
