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Chemical Name: Sodium Perborate
Common Forms: Monohydrate, Tetrahydrate crystals or powder
Molecular Formula: NaBO3·nH2O
Appearance: White, odorless granules or powder
Common Uses: Laundry bleaching, denture cleaners, disinfectants
Detection: Does not carry a strong odor and easily dissolves in water releasing active oxygen
Solubility: Easily blends into water, but stays stable in dry form
Synonyms: Disodium peroxoborate, Sodium peroxoborate
Classifications: Classified as an oxidizing substance, irritant
GHS Symbols: Oxidizer, irritant pictograms
Main Risks: Irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; may enhance fire risk in contact with combustibles
Acute Hazards: Causes redness or swelling on skin, strong discomfort in eyes, possible sneezing or coughing after inhalation of dust
Potential Chronic Effects: Over time, high exposures could affect kidneys and cause reproductive toxicity
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Emergency Overview: Dust from spills or during use can cause significant short-term irritation, especially for people with sensitivities
Main Ingredient: Sodium Perborate (percentage varies by hydration state)
Inactive Components: Water of hydration, negligible trace impurities
CAS Numbers: Often 7632-04-4 for sodium perborate tetrahydrate, 10332-33-9 for monohydrate
Important Note: Product may include varying ratios of water depending on the blend chosen for cleaning or bleaching applications
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes under running water for several minutes, keeping eyelids open, seek medical advice if irritation persists
Skin Contact: Wash exposed skin with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation: Move person into fresh air, support breathing if difficulties occur, consult health care provider for persistent symptoms
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, drink water, do not attempt to induce vomiting unless advised by medical professional
Symptoms to Watch: Burning or discomfort in eyes, cough, shortness of breath after inhalation, nausea following ingestion
Medical Observation: Seek further care if any discomfort remains or symptoms return
Flammability: Not combustible on its own, but supports burning by providing oxygen
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, or foam depending on surrounding fire
Unsuitable Media: Avoid dry chemical extinguishers with sodium perborate spills as dust can disperse
Specific Hazards: Oxygen released in fire can cause rapid flare-up of nearby flammable materials
Protective Equipment: Use breathing apparatus and protective clothing to avoid personal exposure to decomposition products
Advice for Firefighters: Remove containers from path of fire if safe, keep area well ventilated
Personal Protection: Wear gloves, goggles, dust mask if cleaning large spill
Environmental Protection: Prevent powder from entering drains or water systems
Cleanup Methods: Sweep up material carefully to limit dust, place in suitable containers
Spill Response: Approach spill with caution as oxidants react with organic matter; limit contact with other chemical residues
Waste Disposal: Collect residue for disposal at an approved facility
Decontamination: Rinse exposed surfaces thoroughly after cleanup
Handling: Minimize creation of dust, avoid breathing dust or getting in eyes, use tools rather than hands where possible
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry place; keep away from moisture and direct sunlight
Separation: Keep separate from organic substances, reducers, acids, and strong heat sources
Other Precautions: Keep packages clearly labeled; check for signs of package damage or moisture regularly
Mixing: Avoid mixing with incompatible chemicals or combustibles
Engineering Controls: Good room ventilation, local exhaust at points of dust generation
Eye Protection: Chemical safety goggles or face shields
Skin Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves, long-sleeved clothing
Respiratory Protection: Dust mask or respirator for heavy exposure
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, avoid touching face, do not eat or drink while working with the substance
Exposure Limits: No universally established occupational exposure limits, but dust should be controlled at levels that avoid irritation
Appearance: White to colorless powder
Particle Size: Fine granules or powder
Odor: Odorless
pH (1% solution): Slightly alkaline, around 9.5-10.5
Solubility: Soluble in water, forms hydrogen peroxide solution
Decomposition: Releases oxygen gas, especially when exposed to moisture or acidic conditions
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Vapor Pressure: Low, poses little inhalation hazard unless dusty
Chemical Stability: Stable in dry, cool storage
Reactive Conditions: Decomposes on contact with water, acids, and heat
Hazardous Reactions: Vigorous release of oxygen with acids and reducing agents
Incompatibles: Strong acids, organic materials, combustibles, and some metals
Decomposition Products: Oxygen, sodium borate, water
Other Considerations: Moisture shortens shelf life and can enhance decomposition
Oral Toxicity: Moderately toxic if swallowed in large amounts; nausea, vomiting may occur
Skin Effects: Redness, dryness or irritation possible
Eye Contact: May cause moderate to severe irritation, tearing, blurred vision
Inhalation: Cough, sneezing, nose or throat irritation if dust is inhaled
Chronic Exposure: Prolonged high intake may affect kidneys or fertility, based on studies with related borates
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a cancer hazard by major agencies
Allergic Reactions: Not known to cause sensitization in most people
Environmental Effects: Releases boron compounds that persist in soil and water
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life in elevated amounts; should not be discharged in bulk
Persistence and Degradability: Does not easily break down in soil or water
Mobility: Soluble forms can leach through soil into groundwater
Bioaccumulation: Not known to build up significantly in living organisms
Precautionary Actions: Avoid large-scale releases; use only as needed and dispose of wastes responsibly
Waste Management: Place unused material in sealed containers for collection at approved hazardous waste sites
Disposal Methods: Do not flush to drains or environment
Rinsate Management: Properly treat or contain water used during spill cleanup
Regulatory Notes: Disposal rules may be stricter in local areas; follow community and national regulations
Incineration: Not advised, as oxygen release may intensify fires
Shipping Status: Regulated as an oxidizer for transport by most major agencies
Packing Group: Assigned grouping for oxidizing solids for shipping controls
Label Requirements: Oxidizer symbol required on transport containers
Other Considerations: Avoid combining shipments with flammable goods; inspect containers to prevent leaks or cross-contamination during handling
Hazard Category: Classified as hazardous for shipping, storage, and handling
Major Listings: Included in chemical inventories in the US, EU, and many countries
Worker Protection: Covered under occupational safety health laws for exposure to irritants and oxidizers
Consumer Use: Active ingredient in common cleaning products sold to the public
Restrictions: Use in food and drinking water treatment restricted in most regions
Safety Incentives: Regulations require clear labeling and safety education for users and handlers in workplaces where exposure risks are highest
