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Chemical Name: Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate
Synonyms: Sodium bisulfate, monosodium sulfate
Chemical Formula: NaHSO4
CAS Number: 7681-38-1
Appearance: White, crystalline, odourless solid
Common Uses: Pool pH reducer, cleaning agent, household dishwasher powder, textile and paper processing
Hazard Classifications: Corrosive to metals, causes serious eye damage, may cause skin irritation
Main Risks: Irritates eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; corrosive if concentrated; reacts exothermically with water
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Symbols: Exclamation mark, corrosive pictogram
Emergency Overview: Contact with dust or solution can burn skin or eyes, inhaling dust causes coughing and throat irritation, ingestion may harm digestion and cause stomach upset
Component: Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate, typically over 95% pure
Impurities: Small traces of sodium sulfate or sodium sulfite may remain from manufacture, not classified as hazardous in trace amounts
State: Sold as granules, crystals, or fine powder
Inhalation: Move out of dusty area, breathe fresh air, seek medical help for coughing or shortness of breath
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water, keep eyelids open, remove contact lenses, immediate medical attention is important
Skin Contact: Rinse affected area with water, remove contaminated clothing, see medical advice if irritation develops
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, drink water to dilute, medical attention is recommended for large ingestions or persistent symptoms
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide
Hazards from Combustion: Not flammable, but decomposes releasing sulfur oxides when heated strongly
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gear to avoid exposure to released gases or dust
Precautions: Containers exposed to fire may rupture from heat, powder can increase fire-fighting slip risks due to chemical burns
Personal Precautions: Wear goggles, gloves, mask, and avoid breathing dust
Environmental Precautions: Prevent run-off into drains or waterways, can cause pH shifts harming aquatic life
Cleanup Methods: Scoop up spills into suitable container, use water to rinse residue (neutralize acidic waste for safe disposal)
Waste Handling: Manage collected material per local chemical waste guidelines, keep unreacted granules dry
Handling: Handle in well-ventilated areas, keep away from eyes, avoid skin contact, never add water directly into the powder
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed, labeled containers, away from incompatible substances such as strong bases, oxidizers, and water
Other Notes: Protect from moisture to prevent clumping and unwanted heat generation; store below 30°C in a dry place, away from food or animal feeds
Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limit in many regions, but exposure should be kept as low as possible due to irritating properties
Engineering Controls: Open process areas, use local exhaust ventilation for large applications
Personal Protective Equipment: Gloves, goggles, dust mask or respirator for dusty tasks, long sleeves recommended, emergency eyewash stations and showers needed nearby
Hygiene Measures: Wash after handling, do not eat or drink during use, remove contaminated clothing promptly
Physical State: Solid, white powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
pH (1% Solution): Typically 1-2
Solubility: Soluble in water, exothermic reaction
Melting Point: Decomposes above 180°C
Molecular Weight: About 120 g/mol
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable to solids
Density: Around 2.4 g/cm3
Chemical Stability: Stable in dry, cool, well-sealed containers
Reactivity: Reacts exothermically with water, may evolve sulfur dioxide at high temperatures
Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with bases, alkalis, cyanides, and certain metals
Hazardous Decomposition: Sulfur oxides, sodium oxide
Polymerization: No hazardous polymerization expected
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, eye and skin contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Irritation of mucous membranes, eyes, and skin; corrosive damage possible in concentrated form
Chronic Effects: Ongoing exposure can worsen skin or respiratory irritation, no evidence of cancer or reproductive risk in typical use
Symptoms: Redness, pain, watering of eyes, coughing, sore throat, stomach upset
Environmental Impact: Low acute toxicity to fish and aquatic plants, but large accidental releases can lower pH in water bodies, impacting aquatic life
Persistence and Degradability: Dissolves in water, breaks down through dilution and neutralization
Mobility: Highly soluble, can move quickly to groundwater if spilled
Bioaccumulation: No evidence for significant bioaccumulation
Disposal Methods: Neutralize waste, rinse containers before recycling if possible, follow local hazardous waste disposal regulations
Special Precautions: Avoid disposing to sewer in high concentrations, comply with authorities’ rules for acidic chemicals, dilute properly if flushing in controlled systems
UN Number: Classified as dangerous goods in some forms
Hazard Class: Usually Class 8 (Corrosive substances) for bulk transport
Packing Group: Typically Group III (minor danger)
Transport Labels: Corrosive
Shipping Precautions: Keep containers tightly closed, dry, away from foods, loaded upright to prevent spills
Workplace Safety: Listed as a hazardous chemical due to irritant and corrosive effects, subject to workplace hazard communication standards
Environmental Regulation: Release restrictions may exist in many regions to prevent acidification
Labelling Requirements: Corrosive, keep out of reach of children, warning for skin and eye protection
Reporting Obligations: Industrial users may need to report uses and emissions above a threshold as per regional chemical safety rules, always consult current laws since these can update
