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Chemical Name: Sodium Fluoroacetate
Common Name: 1080
CAS Number: 62-74-8
Synonyms: Compound 1080
Appearance: White, odorless, water-soluble powder
Main Use: Pest control, particularly for vermin and invasive mammal management
Odor: Neutral, no distinctive smell
Molecular Formula: C2H2FO2Na
Classification: Highly toxic, acute toxin
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption
Main Risks: Serious threat to human and animal life if consumed or inhaled; interferes with cellular energy production
Symptoms of Exposure: Nausea, vomiting, convulsions, irregular heartbeat, respiratory failure, possible coma or death
Label Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, health hazard
Precautions: Extreme caution required during use; even minute quantities pose grave danger
Risk to Pets and Livestock: Can be fatal to non-target species; strict handling and application guidelines necessary
Active Ingredient: Sodium fluoroacetate, typically above 95% purity for pest control formulations
Impurities: May contain trace manufacturing byproducts, though regulations insist on high purity to reduce unintentional toxicity
Physical Form: Solid powder, may be diluted or fixed in bait matrices for field use
Ingestion: Immediate transport to emergency medical facilities; induce vomiting only under direct medical advice due to risk of rapid seizure onset
Inhalation: Move to fresh air swiftly; provide oxygen if available; seek urgent hospital care
Skin Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water, remove contaminated clothing; continued observation for delayed effects
Eye Contact: Flush eyes for several minutes under running water; urgent attention because systemic absorption can occur rapidly
Critical Symptoms: All exposures considered potentially fatal; specific antidotes remain limited; prompt, skilled care crucial
Medical Notes: Symptomatic treatment often involves correction of metabolic acidosis and advanced life support; experts might try calcium gluconate and acetate solutions based on experimental evidence, but published medical guidance stresses prevention and speed to care
Flammability: Not considered flammable, though powder can decompose to release highly toxic gases if burned
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Protective Gear: Full respiratory protection and chemical-resistant clothing needed; self-contained breathing apparatus suggested for responders
Suppression Techniques: Use water spray, carbon dioxide, or foam; direct water streams can spread contamination
Secondary Hazards: Runoff water may carry poison to drains or ground, risking local water supplies and wildlife—contain and dike spill water
Immediate Action: Secure the area, evacuate unprotected persons, deny entry until cleanup finishes
Personal Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, disposable coveralls, boots, respiratory protection
Containment: Avoid raising dust; cover spill with dry earth or absorbent material, prevent runoff
Cleanup Method: Collect with non-sparking tools or HEPA-filtered vacuum; seal in leakproof containers for disposal
Decontamination: Avoid washing into drains or natural water sources; decontaminate tools and protective wear thoroughly before reuse
Reporting: Notify authorities as required by local law due to threat level to community and ecosystem
Handling Precautions: Fatal if handled carelessly; trained personnel only; always use gloves, goggles, and respirators when handling open containers
Cross-contamination Risk: Any work surfaces, equipment, or nearby materials can become dangerously toxic; strict protocols reduce chance of exposure
Storage Conditions: Keep in tight, clearly labeled, non-reactive containers; segregate from foodstuffs or human activity areas
Temperature and Humidity: Store in cool, dry locations away from direct sunlight; moisture can affect stability and handling
Access Controls: Locked storage, restricted key management, full inventory records; public and non-essential staff must stay clear
Workplace Exposure Limits: No established safe threshold; treat as zero-tolerance for workplace exposure
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods, closed processing, local exhaust extraction keep airborne dust to a minimum
PPE Requirements: Chemical-resistant gloves, full-coverage goggles, protective clothing, face shields if splash risk possible
Respiratory Protection: At minimum, use NIOSH-approved respirators for dust or potential aerosols
Hygiene Practices: No eating or drinking in work areas; wash hands and face thoroughly before breaks and after handling; separate storage for work clothes prevents contamination at home
State: Crystalline solid, often encountered as fine powder
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
Solubility in Water: High
Melting Point: Data limited, but decomposition occurs at elevated temperatures
pH (aqueous solution): Near neutral
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Stability: Stable under recommended conditions, decomposes above 200°C
Volatility: Nonvolatile in solid form, but dust can become airborne easily
Chemical Reactivity: Not expected to react violently with most substances, but unstable at extreme temperatures or in strong acids
Decomposition Hazards: Releases highly toxic fumes, possible release of hydrofluoric acid and carbon monoxide when thermally decomposed
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents could trigger hazardous reactions
Polymerization: Not known to polymerize under normal storage conditions
Main Hazard: Acute toxicity—lethal in very small amounts; acts by disrupting cellular energy production (blocking the aconitase enzyme in the citric acid cycle)
LD50 Values: Rat oral LD50 approximately 0.2 mg/kg, among the most toxic pesticides documented
Short-Term Effects: Severe gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms, typically emerging within hours
Long-Term Effects: Survivors may suffer permanent neurological or cardiac damage
Carcinogenicity: No compelling evidence from animal studies; acute toxicity overshadows any chronic hazard
Reproductive Impact: Limited data; not widely studied due to the compound’s high lethality
Toxicity to Wildlife: Extreme risk to non-target mammals, birds, aquatic species; accidental spread to the environment can result in significant biodiversity loss
Persistence: Moderately persistent, breaks down by hydrolysis and microbial action in most soils and water systems
Bioaccumulation: Potentially accumulates in predatory species if poisoning events go undiscovered; secondary deaths among scavengers reported
Water Contamination: High water solubility means any release into waterways will spread contamination rapidly
Remediation: Heavily regulated use in pest management, with strict limits designed to minimize harm to non-target organisms
Disposal Method: Treat as hazardous waste; must go to licensed chemical incinerators with facilities for fluorine compounds
Container Management: Decontaminate or destroy all packaging; never reuse for food or drink
Environmental Risk: Never dump in landfill or regular waste streams; environmental authorities may require tracking and manifesting even for trace residues
Waste Handling: Personnel require protective equipment during transfer and loading; all disposal steps documented for regulatory compliance
Regulatory Classification: Hazardous for ground, air, or sea transport under UN 1695 or comparable local codes
Labeling: Clearly identified as a super-toxic substance with standardized hazard pictograms
Packaging: Leakproof, impact-resistant containers with tamper-evident seals; full shipping papers accompany every movement
Spill Protocols: Carry emergency procedures for transporters; route planning avoids sensitive or populated areas whenever possible
Status: Highly controlled; legal poisons register in most countries, with use limited to licensed professionals for pest control management
Restrictions: Unlawful possession, distribution, or open-market sale prosecuted strictly; stewardship built into all licensing schemes
Reporting: Incidents, spills, or missing inventory trigger automatic regulatory notification and investigation
Worker Protection: Construction of high-level training requirements and safety policies in regulatory approaches, driven by acute toxicity and ecological impact
Community Engagement: Public notification and buffer zones established around deployment areas; consultation with local authorities forms part of responsible management
