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Chemical Name: Sodium Dinitro-O-Cresolate
Common Names: DNOC Sodium Salt
Chemical Formula: C7H5N2NaO5
Appearance: Bright yellow, crystalline powder or granules, easily recognized for its vivid color
Typical Uses: Agricultural herbicide, wood preservative, pesticide, known as an efficient weed killer in orchards and non-crop land
Odor: Mild, somewhat phenolic scent that signals chemical presence even before a label is checked
Hazard Class: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Dermal, Inhalation), Environmental Hazard
Risk Phrases: Fatal if swallowed or inhaled in significant quantity, causes serious eye and skin irritation, significant danger to aquatic environments
Signal Words: DANGER, POISON
Potential Effects: Poisoning symptoms after contact include headache, vomiting, dizziness, sweating, convulsions, tremors; even brief exposure during application without protection increases these risks
Warning Signs: Mishandling or accidental use in non-target environments hits the local ecosystem hard, killing fish and invertebrates in ponds, rivers and ditches
Main Ingredient: Sodium Dinitro-O-Cresolate (over 95%)
Impurities: Traces of dinitro-o-cresol, unreacted starting materials from synthesis rarely exceed 2%
Physical State: Solid, non-volatile under room temperature
Inhalation: Take the exposed person to fresh air immediately; administer oxygen if breathing becomes difficult; medical attention is urgent
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, thoroughly wash affected area with soap and water to reduce further absorption into the bloodstream
Eye Contact: Rinse for at least 15 minutes under running water, even mild splashes irritate and damage sensitive tissue fast
Ingestion: Immediate hospital treatment, gastric lavage by a trained professional only; activated charcoal may help absorb chemical before absorption
Long Term Symptoms: Exposed workers sometimes complain for weeks after, shaking, weakness, or patches of skin peeling, no matter how quickly the first response went
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, or dry chemical; avoid direct, pressurized streams onto chemical piles (risk of toxic runoff)
Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides, sodium oxides, and dense, toxic smoke
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, chemical-resistant clothing, because the fumes get into the airways quickly
Additional Risks: Containers exposed to heat or fire may rupture; keep cool using water spray from a safe distance
Personal Precautions: Only trained staff should manage spills, with gloves, respirators, and full protective suits
Containment: Prevent movement into drains, water bodies, or soil with sand or earth; sweep up without raising dust, as even small clouds can cause poisoning
Clean-Up: Shovel residues into containers designed for hazardous waste; always ventilate the area to remove vapors before re-entering
Decontamination: Wash surfaces with 5% sodium carbonate solution, then rinse thoroughly; residues linger in crevices and easily contaminate following batches
Handling: Keep containers tightly closed except during use; avoid inhaling dust or vapors; never eat, drink, or smoke in work areas; hand-wash after every possible contact
Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated spot, away from direct sunlight and incompatible chemicals like strong acids or oxidizing agents
Security: Lock up in designated hazardous chemical areas far from general population and livestock; accidental access has led to immediate emergencies on farms
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation or process enclosure; old warehouses lacking this see seasonal poisonings
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), goggles, full-body suits, and proper respirators rated for fine particulates and organic vapor
Workplace Practices: Workers must shower at shift end, never wear work clothes home; employer oversight reduces chance of chronic exposure
Exposure Limits: Chronic exposure linked to tremors and nerve damage, even where concentrations stay near recommended limits
Appearance: Yellow crystalline solid
Melting Point: Just above room temperature, starts to soften in a palm quickly if held
Solubility: Dissolves readily in water; runoff from storage areas rapidly contaminates local drains or groundwater
Odor: Weak phenolic, easy to miss if mixed with other agricultural chemicals
Stability: Stable under regular conditions, sensitive to high heat, acid, and strong oxidizing substances
Chemical Stability: Holds together at room temperature and moderate humidity for months
Decomposition: Releases toxic gases if heated strongly or reacts with acids
Incompatibility: Avoid mixing with acids (releases fumes) or oxidizers (possible fire risk)
Dangerous Reactions: Dust clouds set off static sparks, and friction causes tiny fires during shipping if stored alongside certain minerals
Short-Term (Acute) Effects: Causes headaches, tremors, nausea, and potential convulsions after exposure; can lead to skin burns, especially after sweating
Chronic (Long-Term) Effects: Linked to neurological symptoms, sometimes permanent; cases reported of workers losing coordination after just a few seasons’ use
Routes of Entry: Skin contact, inhalation of dust, swallowing contaminated food
Vulnerable Groups: Children, animals, and elderly at much higher risk of poisoning
Toxicity: Highly toxic to fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates; a few grams in a small pond can cause total die-off overnight
Persistence: Does not break down quickly, sticks around in muddy water, wetlands, and soils for weeks
Mobility: Water soluble, seeps easily into groundwater if application or spill cleanup fails
Bioaccumulation: Builds up in aquatic food chains, endangering birds and mammals that feed on contaminated prey
Preferred Method: Incinerate under controlled conditions suitable for hazardous wastes; basic landfill disposal not safe or legal in most places
Container Handling: Rinse triple, treat rinse waters as hazardous, puncture empty drums before recycling; local disposal rules strictly enforced
Environmental Protection: Never pour leftovers into drains or fields; even tiny volumes harm local crops and wildlife
UN Number: Recognized globally as hazardous for road, rail, air, and sea
Packing Group: Strong outer containers, clear Poison signage
Handling Precautions: Keep upright, stable, separate from foodstuffs and animal feeds; trained handlers only
Accident Preparedness: Emergency cleanup gear, antidotes, and first aid supplies must travel with bulk shipments at all times
Global Restrictions: Many countries limit or ban sodium dinitro-o-cresolate use outside industrial and research settings due to scale of poisoning cases
Worker Protections: Mandatory safety training, exposure monitoring, and regular medical checkups for workers handling material
Pesticide Laws: Registered and controlled under hazardous pesticides regulations in most agricultural nations; record-keeping and reporting of uses enforced to limit accidental spread
