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Product Name: Sodium Dichromate
Synonyms: Disodium dichromate, Sodium bichromate
CAS Number: 10588-01-9
Recommended Use: Oxidizing agent, metal treatment, corrosion inhibitor, laboratory chemical
Manufacturer/Supplier Contact: Emergency phone lines and local safety resources usually provided on supplier’s paperwork. Confirm all current supplier details.
Chemical Formula: Na2Cr2O7
GHS Classification: Oxidizing solid (Category 2), Acute toxicity (inhalation, Category 2), Acute toxicity (oral, Category 3), Carcinogenicity (Category 1B), Reproductive toxicity (Category 1B), Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure, Category 1), Skin corrosion/irritation (Category 1B), Serious eye damage/eye irritation (Category 1), Sensitization (skin, Category 1), Sensitization (respiratory, Category 1)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. May cause genetic defects. May cause cancer. May damage fertility or the unborn child. May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. Highly toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin, or if inhaled. Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. Extremely reactive with organic materials.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid all contact. Wear protective gear. Do not breathe dust, mist, or vapors. Wash hands after use.
Chemical: Sodium Dichromate
Concentration: Usually supplied as dihydrate (Na2Cr2O7 • 2H2O), content typically above 98%
Other Ingredients: Minor impurities possible, usually not significant for hazard profile
CAS Number: 10588-01-9 (Anhydrous), 7789-12-0 (Dihydrate)
EC Number: 234-190-3
Relevant Impurities: Trace metals occasionally present, in almost all instances do not affect risk classification.
General: Seek immediate medical attention after exposure.
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air fast. Use artificial respiration if breathing stops. Provide oxygen if available.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse skin under running water for at least 15 minutes. Do not rub area.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if easy.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Special Advice: Warn doctors about sodium dichromate—special antidotes and chelation may be required. Inhalation and ingestion present critical risk; urgent treatment required.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, CO2, or foam. Water spray for large fires. Do not use water jet.
Unusual Fire & Explosion Hazards: Powerful oxidizer; contact with organic material or combustibles can cause fire or explosion. Releases toxic and corrosive vapors such as chromium oxides and sodium oxides.
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear. Move containers away from fire if safe.
Special Procedures: Cool surrounding containers with water spray. Avoid runoff to sewers and waterways.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unprotected personnel. Avoid inhalation and skin contact. Use protective clothing, goggles, gloves, and approved respirator.
Environmental Protection: Prevent substance from entering drains, sewers, and water sources. Notify local authorities if large spills threaten the environment.
Methods for Cleanup: Clean up with inert absorbent (sand, earth), sweep up carefully, place in tightly sealed, clearly labeled containers. Do not let material dry in open space.
Decontamination: Wash area with plenty of water after cleanup. Collect wash water for disposal. Use reducing agents to neutralize chromium (VI).
Handling: Handle in areas with good ventilation. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and incompatible materials. Avoid generating dust. Use approved chemical fume hood or local exhaust.
Storage: Store locked up in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place in original tightly closed container. Clearly label with hazard information. Keep separate from acids, organic materials, flammable substances, and reducing agents. Use secondary containment for large quantities.
Additional Advice: Maintain emergency washing facilities at work area. Train staff in proper handling and emergency response.
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 0.005 mg/m3 (as CrVI), NIOSH REL: 0.0002 mg/m3 (as CrVI)
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood or efficient local exhaust. Handle only in designated areas.
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear nitrile or neoprene gloves, chemical-resistant goggles, face shield, long-sleeved lab clothing, disposable coveralls for large-scale work, and appropriate certified respirator if exposure risk is high.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face before breaks and after work. Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using this chemical. Remove all contaminated clothing for cleaning or disposal.
Appearance: Orange to red crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
pH (1% solution): 4.0 – 4.5
Melting Point: 356°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Flash Point: Not flammable
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Flammability: Not combustible but supports combustion of other materials
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperatures
Vapor Density: Not available
Solubility: Completely soluble in water
Partition Coefficient: Not measured
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not self-igniting
Decomposition Temperature: 400°C
Viscosity: Not applicable
Density: About 2.52 g/cm3
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended handling and storage conditions. Readily decomposes at high temperatures.
Reactive Materials: Vigorous reactions with acids, organic compounds, reducing agents, finely divided metals, cellulose, sulfur.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Chromium oxides, sodium oxides.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, frost, mechanical shock, exposure to moist air, mixing with combustibles or organic materials.
Acute Toxicity: Extremely toxic by inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. LD50 (oral, rat): 50-99 mg/kg.
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes severe burns—permanent scarring possible.
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Irreversible damage risk—blindness possible.
Respiratory Sensitization: May cause asthma symptoms and breathing difficulty.
Carcinogenicity: Confirmed human carcinogen (IARC Group 1, NTP, OSHA).
Mutagenicity: Data shows mutagenic potential in animals and humans.
Reproductive Toxicity: Impairs fertility; affects unborn children.
Target Organs: Liver, kidneys, lungs, immune system.
Chronic/Delayed Effects: Prolonged exposure may cause chronic ulcers, nasal septum perforation, kidney/liver damage, cancer.
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic life (both acute and chronic). Chronic effect on fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, and bacteria. LC50 (fish, 96 h): 33 mg/L (Lepomis macrochirus).
Persistence and Degradability: Persistent; does not biodegrade easily. Chromium (VI) not broken down by natural microbial activity rapidly.
Bioaccumulation: Accumulates in aquatic organisms; chromium is a bioaccumulative toxicant.
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile in water; risk of groundwater contamination.
Other Adverse Effects: Chromium (VI) causes significant ecosystem disruption and must not reach open environment due to potential for long-term damage.
Waste Treatment Methods: Handle as hazardous waste under local, regional, and national regulations. Reduce chromium (VI) to chromium (III) before disposal by chemical methods (such as using ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite, or ascorbic acid).
Container Disposal: Triple-rinse empty containers, then offer for hazardous waste incineration or landfill, according to local guidelines.
Special Precautions: Never allow to drain into water systems or environment. Use only authorized hazardous waste facilities. Certified personnel should carry out all disposal steps.
US RCRA Waste Code: D007 (Chromium-containing waste)
UN Number: 3086
UN Proper Shipping Name: Toxic Solid, Oxidizing, Inorganic, N.O.S. (Sodium Dichromate)
Transport Hazard Class: 5.1 (oxidizer), 6.1 (toxic substance)
Packing Group: I
Labels: Oxidizer, Toxic
Marine Pollutant: Yes
Special Precautions for Transportation: Keep containers tightly closed and clearly labeled. Segregate from food and feedstuffs.
TSCA: Listed
EINECS: Listed (234-190-3)
REACH: Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC)—authorization required for certain uses.
OSHA: Covered by OSHA’s stringent hexavalent chromium standards.
SARA: Covered under Sections 302, 313 – reportable.
California Proposition 65: Known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
WHMIS (Canada): Class C (Oxidizer), Class D1A (Immediate & Serious Toxic Effects), Class D2A (Very Toxic), Class E (Corrosive Material).
International Chemical Safety Card: Sodium dichromate is listed with warnings for all routes of exposure and for environmental damage.
