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Product Name: Shikonin; Alkannin
Chemical Family: Naphthoquinone derivatives
Molecular Formula: C16H16O5
Molecular Weight: 288.30 g/mol
Synonyms: Shikon, Alkannin, β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin
Recommended Use: Laboratory research, dye, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals
Supplier Contact: Full address, emergency telephone number, and support email of provider
CAS Number: Shikonin: 517-89-5; Alkannin: 24502-78-1
Classification: Eye irritant, environmental hazard
Label Elements: Pictogram with exclamation mark for health hazard, aquatic toxicity symbol
GHS Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Causes eye irritation, toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary Statements: Avoid release to the environment, wash hands thoroughly after handling, wear eye protection, rinse eyes cautiously if in contact
Other Hazards: May cause mild skin irritation for sensitive individuals, avoid inhaling powders
Main Ingredient: Shikonin (purity ≥ 98% by HPLC)
Other Ingredient: Alkannin (purity ≥ 98% by HPLC)
Impurities: Minor natural byproducts (<1%) including other naphthoquinone isomers
Form: Fine red to purple crystalline powder
Concentration: 100% Shikonin or Alkannin depending on labeling
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep person at rest, seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with water and mild soap
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present, continue rinsing, seek medical attention if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, seek immediate medical advice
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry powder, carbon dioxide, foam, water spray
Specific Hazards: Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions; possible formation of carbon oxides
Protective Equipment: Full-face respirator and chemical protection suit, self-contained breathing apparatus
Firefighting Instructions: Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers, keep personnel at a safe distance
Personal Protection: Wear gloves, protective goggles, dust mask or respirator
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release into soil, rivers, drains
Cleanup Methods: Carefully sweep up using non-sparking tools, place in tightly closed container for disposal, ventilate area well, wash spill site thoroughly
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated spaces, avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, do not breathe dust
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place, protect from direct sunlight and moisture, keep container tightly closed, store away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and foodstuffs
Incompatibilities: Strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, containment if possible
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or PVC), safety goggles, laboratory coat, dust mask or half-face respirator with P2 particulate filter
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, remove contaminated clothing, do not eat or drink while handling raw product
Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limits have been set for these compounds, but control exposure as low as possible
Appearance: Red to purple crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless or faint earthy scent
Odor Threshold: Not determined
pH: Not available in aqueous solution
Melting Point: 196-202°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform
Flash Point: Not determined
Vapor Density: Not determined
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not available
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): Estimated 4.04
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Chemical Stability: Stable under ambient conditions, sensitive to light and moisture
Reactivity: No hazardous reactivity under normal conditions
Hazardous Reactions: No dangerous polymerization
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidants, strong acids, bases
Decomposition Products: Carbon oxides and potentially irritating organic compounds evolve under intense heating or fire
Acute Toxicity: Animal studies show low acute oral toxicity, but data for humans is limited
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Can cause mild skin irritation
Serious Eye Damage: Causes eye irritation
Respiratory Sensitization: Prolonged inhalation of dust can irritate respiratory tract
Other Effects: Naphthoquinones may have phototoxic effects on the skin; handle with care, especially under direct light
Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity: No animal data supports these effects at current occupational exposure levels
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life, long-lasting effects due to low degradability
Mobility in Soil: Low mobility, tends to bind strongly to organic matter
Persistence and Degradability: Slow bio-degradation in soil and water, potential for long-term persistence
Bioaccumulation: Moderately bioaccumulative; may persist in aquatic species
Aquatic Toxicity: LC50 (fish) data unavailable, expected to be in range typical of synthetic dyes
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose by licensed chemical waste contractor
Methods of Disposal: Do not pour into drains, surface water, or ground
Containers: Handle contaminated packaging as hazardous waste, rinse only if permitted by local regulations, incineration preferred for ultimate disposal
Local Regulations: Follow relevant municipal, national, and regional rules for hazardous organic waste
UN Number: Not classified as dangerous goods for transport by land, sea, or air
Proper Shipping Name: Not regulated
Transport Hazard Classes: Non-hazardous for road, rail, air, and sea
Packing Group: Not assigned
Special Precautions: Secure containers firmly, avoid mechanical shock, keep away from oxidizers and foodstuffs
Environmental Hazards: Label as environmentally hazardous substance if shipping in large quantities
Global Inventories: Listed in some chemical inventories (EINECS/ELINCS in EU, TSCA in USA, DSL in Canada if used in research)
Safety Health and Environmental Regulations: Not separately regulated under GHS, but subject to rules for laboratory chemicals in general
Labeling Requirements: Follow chemical hazard and precautionary protocols under national and local law
Worker Protection: Subject to workplace health surveillance conditions in EU/OSHA frameworks
Other Regulations: Not scheduled, not under REACH restrictions, but handle with good laboratory and industrial hygiene practice, documentation, and safety training for users
