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Chemical Name: 2-Chloropropionyl Chloride
Synonyms: Alpha-Chloropropionyl Chloride
Chemical Formula: C3H4Cl2O
CAS Number: 2719-27-9
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid, with a pungent, acrid odor
Uses: Intermediate for chemical synthesis, especially pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals
Hazard Class: Corrosive; can cause severe burns to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
Physical Hazards: Reacts with water to produce hydrochloric acid fumes; release of toxic gases possible
Health Hazards: Highly irritating to respiratory system, with potential to cause pulmonary edema if inhaled; can lead to serious eye damage and skin corrosion; ingestion results in severe internal injury
GHS Classification: Skin corrosion/irritation: Category 1B; Serious eye damage: Category 1; Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal): Categories 3-4 depending on exposure route
Signal Word: Danger
Symbols: Corrosive, Acute Toxicity
Main Ingredient: 2-Chloropropionyl Chloride
Concentration: Greater than 98%
Impurities: Trace organic and inorganic chlorides; specific levels vary with supplier and process, impacting final reactivity
Inhalation: Move person outdoors into fresh air; keep at rest; if breathing problems occur, oxygen may be required; medical attention is urgent due to potential for delayed respiratory injury
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately; wash affected skin with copious water for 15+ minutes; corrosion makes rapid action absolutely essential
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open; seek emergency medical help, since even brief contact brings risk of lasting damage
Ingestion: Never induce vomiting; rinse mouth if conscious; get medical help at once, since burns or perforation of mucous membranes can occur
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder or carbon dioxide; never use water, as water contact results in violent hydrolysis and toxic fume release
Hazards from Combustion: Releases hydrogen chloride and phosgene gas upon decomposition; smoke can aggravate respiratory dangers
Special Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus; firefighters need full chemical protective suits because of the aggression of the fumes
Special Procedures: Keep containers cool with indirect use of water mist in case of fire nearby, but direct water contact must be avoided
Personal Protection: Evacuate unnecessary personnel; responders need chemical splash goggles, acid-resistant gloves and respiratory protection
Environmental Precautions: Prevent chemical run-off into drains or waterways; vapor or runoff causes local toxic damage to ecosystems
Methods for Cleanup: Absorb small spills with inert absorbent (dry sand, vermiculite); for larger leaks, dike area and collect using spark-proof tools; neutralize residues with sodium bicarbonate or lime before disposal; avoid water during cleanup
Handling Precautions: Avoid all skin contact and inhalation of vapors; only open containers in fume hoods; static discharge can ignite evolved gases, so grounding is important
Storage Conditions: Keep tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated location away from direct sunlight; segregate from water-containing substances, amines, and bases; never store in glass with ground glass stoppers or with incompatible organics
Incompatible Materials: Strong bases, alcohols, water, ammonia compounds, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents—each one can trigger violent reactions
Engineering Controls: Always operate under chemical fume extraction; local exhaust ventilation to minimize vapor exposure
Personal Protective Equipment: Full chemical-resistant clothing, gloves (viton or butyl rubber provide better resistance), face shield over goggles, and supplied-air respirator for bulk handling
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH exposure limits reported, but all possible measures should aim for elimination of detectable vapor; air monitoring adds a backup safeguard
State: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Sharp, pungent, irritating
Molecular Weight: 130.97 g/mol
Boiling Point: 120–122°C at atmospheric pressure
Melting Point: Below room temperature
Solubility: Reacts with water violently; soluble in many organic solvents such as dichloromethane
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature; enough to present chronic inhalation risk in unventilated spaces
Density: About 1.31 g/cm³ at 20°C
pH: Not measurable—decomposes before aqueous pH can be determined
Chemical Stability: Unstable in presence of water or moisture—hydrolyzes rapidly to yield corrosive and toxic hydrochloric acid; stable under dry nitrogen or argon in sealed container
Hazardous Reactions: Contact with water, alcohols, or strong bases causes uncontrollable exothermic reactions, and produces fumes that attack equipment and pose health hazards
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene; both carry clear dangers in confined or unventilated spaces
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, eye and skin contact, accidental ingestion
Symptoms: Cough, sore throat, burning eyes, delayed pulmonary edema, severe chemical burns, potential shock from skin exposure
Acute Effects: Can cause corrosive damage over very short exposures; possible respiratory distress from inhalation even at low concentrations
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure may worsen chronic respiratory conditions; animal data point to local tissue destruction but not mutagenic or carcinogenic properties
Aquatic Toxicity: Extremely toxic to aquatic life because rapid hydrolysis leads to acidification and direct release of chloride ions
Persistence and Degradability: Reacts away on contact with moisture, so doesn’t persist as parent compound; hydrolysis products harm biological communities
Bioaccumulation: No strong tendency for bioaccumulation due to fast breakdown; lingering acidification of water bodies can cause prolonged harm to fish and invertebrates
Other Adverse Effects: Spilled material runs risk of local ecosystem collapse if not fully contained
Waste Handling: Only properly trained professionals should neutralize waste with sodium carbonate or lime; never allow direct release into sewers or storm drains
Container Disposal: Triple rinse with appropriate solvent, and treat rinsate as hazardous; puncture empty drums to prevent reuse
Regulatory Management: Hazardous waste designation is likely in many jurisdictions; check local and national rules for incineration or chemical treatment protocols
UN Number: UN 2366
Proper Shipping Name: 2-Chloropropionyl Chloride
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), with secondary risk of toxic vapor under fire
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Labeling: Corrosive, Toxic; leakproof and tightly sealed containers required, with extra safeguards during road and air transport
Special Precautions: Emergency spill kit must travel with any bulk shipment; drivers and receivers should know immediate response actions
Workplace Controls: Listed as hazardous under occupational health and safety rules in most regions; requirements may include written risk assessments and exposure documentation
Reporting Requirements: Release above reportable quantities must be communicated to authorities; companies must keep accurate records of storage and use
International: Falls under transport restrictions for corrosive and environmentally hazardous substances; local restrictions often surpass federal minimum standards
Community Right-to-Know: Access to information on risks and safety needed for those in surrounding areas, especially near manufacturing or research sites
