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Product Name: Phosphorus Pentoxide
Chemical Formula: P2O5
Synonyms: Diphosphorus Pentoxide, Phosphoric Anhydride
CAS Number: 1314-56-3
Recommended Use: Dehydrating agent, synthesis of phosphorus compounds
Restrictions on Use: Industrial and laboratory use only
Supplier Identification: Contact details of manufacturer or distributor
Emergency Phone: Provided by manufacturer for chemical emergencies
GHS Classification: Skin corrosion (Category 1B), Serious eye damage (Category 1), Specific target organ toxicity (Category 3, respiratory tract)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause respiratory irritation
Pictograms: Corrosive, Health Hazard
Principal Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Symptoms: Burning, coughing, difficulty breathing, blistering, permanent eye damage
NFPA Ratings: Health 3, Flammability 0, Instability 2
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust or mist, wash thoroughly after handling, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated area, wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection
Substance: Phosphorus Pentoxide
Chemical Formula: P2O5
CAS Number: 1314-56-3
Percentage: 100%
Impurities: Minimal, product typically supplied as pure chemical
Other Components: No other additives intentionally added
Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, seek medical attention for persistent symptoms.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin for at least 15 minutes with plenty of water, seek prompt medical help—phosphorus pentoxide reacts with water, so rapid dilution is key despite the reaction.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes gently but thoroughly with water for at least 30 minutes, holding eyelids apart, and obtain immediate medical attention to prevent lasting damage.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person, get medical attention swiftly.
Most Important Symptoms: Severe burns, eye damage, respiratory tract irritation
Advice to Physician: Treat as corrosive substance, manage airway, monitor for signs of pulmonary edema or shock.
Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, sand, or carbon dioxide; never use water directly as it reacts violently, releasing heat and toxic fumes.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Produces phosphoric acid mist and toxic phosphorus oxides
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear full-body chemical protective suit and self-contained breathing apparatus
Special Hazards: Reacts with water, producing heat, phosphoric acid, and a risk of splattering
Advice: Approach incident from upwind, stay clear of reaction zone, isolate hazard area
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel, ensure appropriate ventilation, avoid breathing dust.
Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, impervious gloves, acid-resistant clothing and boots, respirator if dust present.
Emergency Procedures: Isolate spill area, prevent access, avoid getting product on skin, eyes or clothing.
Spill Cleanup: Use dry tools to collect spilled material, avoid water contact during cleanup, transfer to dry, labeled container, dispose according to regulations.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent runoff into drains, surface or groundwater.
Handling: Use in a chemical fume hood, avoid dust formation, handle only with proper personal protective equipment, do not allow contact with water or moist air.
Storage Conditions: Keep containers tightly closed and stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, avoid exposure to humidity, separate from strong bases and water-reactive materials.
Incompatible Materials: Water, alcohols, strong bases, oxidizers, reducing agents, combustibles
Other Precautions: Use dry, dedicated tools, labeled storage containers; clean storage area regularly to prevent buildup.
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 1 mg/m³ (as P2O5), ACGIH TLV: 1 mg/m³ (as P2O5)
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust and general ventilation, use chemical fume hoods or enclosed systems
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Tight-fitting safety goggles, face shield, acid-resistant gloves (such as neoprene or butyl rubber), full-coverage acid-resistant clothing and boots, respiratory protection (P100 or full-face respirator if airborne dust present)
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly before eating, drinking, smoking, or leaving work area, do not reuse contaminated clothing, eye wash and safety shower stations in close proximity.
Appearance: White, crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Molecular Weight: 141.94 g/mol
Melting Point: No true melting point, sublimes at 360 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Solubility: Reacts violently with water, highly exothermic, forms phosphoric acid
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Density: 2.39 g/cm³
pH: Acidic (in solution with water, forms strong acid)
Other Properties: Hygroscopic, will absorb moisture from air, reacts readily with organics and bases.
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions, reacts energetically in presence of water.
Reactivity: Rapid and violent reaction with water and alcohols, releasing heat and forming corrosive phosphoric acid.
Incompatible Materials: Strong bases, water, moisture, organic materials
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Phosphoric acid mist, phosphorus oxides
Conditions to Avoid: Damp or humid atmosphere, direct contact with water, storage near incompatible materials
Acute Toxicity: Inhalation, skin, and eye contact cause severe burns; inhaling dust irritates respiratory tract, can result in pulmonary edema.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure causes chronic respiratory issues, dermatitis, and eye damage.
Routes of Entry: Skin, eyes, respiratory tract, ingestion
Symptoms of Exposure: Burning, persistent cough, vision impairment, blisters, chemical burns
LD50/LC50: Data limited for this compound but known as a strong corrosive—animal studies report severe effects at low doses
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Sensitization: Not considered a sensitizer
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life due to shifting pH and formation of phosphoric acid in water
Persistence and Degradability: Reacts rapidly with water, not persistent in original form
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low, as material dissolves and reacts to form phosphates
Mobility in Soil: High, reacts with moisture, migrates easily
Effects on Environment: Rapid acidification causes danger to aquatic organisms and disrupts aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Waste Treatment Methods: Neutralize with dilute base under controlled conditions before disposal, follow local, regional, and national environmental laws.
Contaminated Packaging: Decontaminate containers before re-use or landfilling, recycle metal drums if possible, dispose of as hazardous waste if contaminated.
Special Precautions: Do not allow runoff into sewers or water sources, manage all residuals in consultation with approved waste disposal expert.
UN Number: UN 1807
Proper Shipping Name: PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive Substances)
Packing Group: I (highest hazard)
Labeling Requirements: Corrosive
Special Precautions: Keep dry and tightly sealed, segregate from incompatible materials, carriers require proper placards and emergency response information.
DOT, IMDG, ICAO/IATA: Subject to all transport regulations for corrosive solids.
OSHA: Listed as hazardous substance, employer must provide hazard communication and training
SARA Title III: Not listed as Extremely Hazardous but requires reporting for large quantities
TSCA: Listed; use, manufacture, and disposal regulated
Other State/Local: California Prop 65: Not listed; other state regulations may apply
WHMIS (Canada): Classified D1A (immediate and serious toxic effects), E (corrosive)
EINECS/ELINCS (EU): Listed in the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances
Other Regulatory Controls: Employers provide training, ensure PPE, maintain SDS access onsite
