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Name: Phenyl Chloroformate
Formula: C7H5ClO2
Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Sharp, pungent smell that resembles chloroform
Common Applications: Used to introduce the phenoxycarbonyl protecting group, aids in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic chemicals
CAS Number: 1885-14-9
Solubility: Decomposes in water
Boiling Point: Roughly 213 °C (415 °F) at standard pressure
Storage Needs: Well-sealed container, ventilated area, no moisture allowed
Classification: Corrosive, toxic by inhalation, possible carcinogen
NFPA Ratings: Health—3; Flammability—2; Reactivity—2
Hazard Statements: Causes severe burns to skin and eyes, may cause respiratory distress
Potential Risks: Eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation, delayed lung injury from exposure
Pictogram Indications: Corrosive, harmful/irritant
Symptoms: Coughing, choking, breathing difficulty, burns, irritation
Component: Phenyl chloroformate (pure or ≥99%)
Impurities: Trace byproducts from synthesis, usually less than 1%
Physical State: Liquid, undiluted unless part of a formulated product
Concentration: Usually supplied as pure chemical for laboratory and industry
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air right away, support breathing if symptoms begin, seek urgent medical attention
Skin Contact: Rinse with a strong stream of water for at least 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing, get medical help promptly
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, keep eyelids open, talk to a doctor straight away
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, drink water if alert, seek immediate medical help
Advice for Helping Others: Always wear gloves and a mask when assisting someone exposed
Signs to Watch: Burns, irritation, delayed coughing or difficulty breathing
Suitable Extinguishers: Use dry chemical powder, foam, or CO2; do not use water on the material directly
Specific Hazards: May emit toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, phosgene if burned
Personal Protective Gear: Self-contained breathing device, full chemical-resistant gear
Suppression Advice: Move containers away if safe, keep out of direct flames, do not let firefighting runoff enter drains
Precautions: Vigorous ventilation, isolate area upwind when possible
Containment: Section off spill zone, restrict entry, ventilate large area rapidly
Clean-Up: Absorb with dry inert material like sand or vermiculite, never use sawdust or other combustible absorbents
Personal Protection: Gloves, splash-proof goggles, tight mask or respirator
Waste Disposal: Place residue in sealed, labeled container for pickup by qualified waste service
Environmental Note: Prevent entry into soil or waterways, as hydrolysis yields corrosive byproducts
Handling: Use only in chemical fume hood, avoid breathing vapors or mist, never mix with water
Precautions: Tightly seal all containers, label clearly, never pipette by mouth, avoid splashing or leakage
Storage: Cool, dry, well-ventilated spot; keep out of sunlight, away from heat sources, store separately from acids, bases, alcohols, or water-reactive substances
Incompatibles: Moist air, strong bases, alcohols, amines, water and humid conditions
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hood, exhaust ventilation, safety shower, eyewash station nearby
Personal Protective Gear: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, butyl rubber), face shield or splash-resistant goggles, lab coat, coveralls, respiratory protection for vapor
Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV established, limit exposure by working with small amounts and using proper ventilation
Hygiene: Thorough hand washing after use, no food or drink in work areas, remove contaminated clothing promptly
Appearance: Transparent to pale yellow oily liquid
Boiling Point: Roughly 213 °C (415 °F)
Melting Point: -22 °C (-7.6 °F)
Density: Approximately 1.25 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature
Solubility: Slowly decomposes in water, forms phenol and carbon dioxide
Odor: Pungent, reminscent of chloroform
Flash Point: About 101 °C (volatile but not highly flammable)
Autoignition: Data variable, likely above 400 °C
Viscosity: Thin, mobile fluid
Stability: Sensitive to moisture and heat
Stability: Stable below 25 °C in tightly sealed containers, decomposes with moisture
Reactivity: Reacts with alcohols, amines, bases, and water, releasing hydrogen chloride gas and phenol
Hazardous Byproducts: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, phosgene (under fire conditions)
Conditions to Avoid: Any humid air, open flames, high temperatures, incompatible chemicals
Polymerization: Not known to occur
Contamination Warning: Exposure to even small traces of water begins rapid decomposition
Routes of Entry: Skin, eyes, inhalation, swallowing
Acute Toxicity: Highly irritating and corrosive to tissue, risk of severe burns, pulmonary edema from vapor exposure
Delayed Effects: Chronic exposure brings risk of respiratory and skin sensitization, repeated contact degrades mucous membranes
Animal Studies: Inhalation and dermal contact cause ulcerations and tissue necrosis
Reported Human Experience: Intense burning sensation, persistent cough, tearing, blistering skin at contact site, chemical pneumonia if inhaled deeply or repeatedly
Carcinogenicity: Limited data, not classified by most agencies
Target Organ Effects: Lungs, eyes, skin, gastrointestinal system
Environmental Effects: Hydrolyzes to phenol and HCl, which change water pH and harm aquatic life
Persistence: Reacts in the environment, does not accumulate in soil or water
Bioaccumulation: Low likelihood, breaks down quickly
Outdoor Release: Avoid direct release to drains, minimize runoff in event of leak, neutralize waste before disposal
Aquatic Impact: High toxicity due to phenol and acid production, lethal to small fish and invertebrates
Soil Impact: Acidification of soil near spills unless promptly cleaned
Disposal: Gather waste in leak-proof container, assign for disposal by licensed hazardous waste handler
Treatment: Neutralize carefully under controlled conditions prior to disposal
Never Down The Drain: Do not flush with water or pour into regular sinks, pipes can corrode or clog
Container Disposal: Triple rinse empty containers with proper solvent, dispose as hazardous waste
Environmental Safeguards: Inspect disposal sites for leaks, prevent possible migration to groundwater
UN Number: UN 3265 (Class: Corrosive Liquid, Organic, N.O.S.)
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive Liquids)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Labeling: Corrosive symbol required on all shipments
Precautions: Packages must be upright, tightly closed, clearly labeled, kept dry
Transport Mode: Ground, sea, or air, each with strict documentation and emergency plans
Spill Containment: Absorbent material in transport vehicle, emergency cleanup kit essential on board
Global Inventory: Listed under EINECS/ELINCS, TSCA, and DSL inventories as a monitored industrial chemical
Use Restrictions: Some regions require special permits for storage or large-scale use
Transport Laws: Subject to DOT, IMDG, and IATA rules for hazardous substances
Worker Protection: OSHA Hazard Communication Standard applies in American workplaces
Environmental Controls: Local, state, and federal agencies monitor emissions and disposal
Reporting: Any substantial leak or spill triggers mandatory reporting to authorities, including EPA in the US
