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Product Name: Petroleum Gas
Other Names: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Propane, Butane
Manufacturer: Major refineries and gas processing companies
Use: Cooking fuel, heating, industrial processes, fuel for vehicles, refrigerants
Emergency Contact: 24-hour response line provided by the supplier
Chemical Family: Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Classification: Flammable Gas, Compressed Gas
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Extremely flammable gas, May form explosive mixtures with air, Contains gas under pressure, May explode if heated, Can cause asphyxiation in poorly ventilated areas, Frostbite hazard from rapid release
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, no smoking, Use explosion-proof equipment, Do not breathe gas, Ensure adequate ventilation
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact (frostbite risk), eye contact
Symptoms of Exposure: Dizziness, headache, drowsiness, possible suffocation, skin and eye irritation due to cold burns
Chemical Identity: Propane (C3H8), n-Butane (C4H10), iso-Butane (C4H10), Minor hydrocarbons (Ethane, Propylene, Butylene)
CAS Numbers: Propane: 74-98-6; n-Butane: 106-97-8; iso-Butane: 75-28-5
Concentration Range: Propane 40–80%, Butanes 20–60%, trace components
Impurities: Mercaptan odorants (for leak detection), trace sulfur dioxide, moisture
Additives: Odorant (usually Ethyl mercaptan)
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, keep person warm and at rest, monitor breathing, provide oxygen if needed, seek medical attention if symptoms occur
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse affected skin with lukewarm water, do not use hot water, do not rub affected area, seek medical help for frostbite
Eye Contact: Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, do not allow victim to rub eyes, seek immediate medical attention
Ingestion: Not considered a likely route, if exposed to liquid, treat for frostbite, do not induce vomiting
Delayed Effects: Potential for drowsiness, headache, loss of consciousness, long-term exposure uncommon but risk present in confined spaces
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, water spray (for cooling only, not for extinguishing flames), fog
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water jet on burning gas
Special Hazards: Ignites easily, burns with invisible flame in daylight, pressure build-up may cause container rupture or explosion, vapors heavier than air, accumulate in low areas
Personal Protective Equipment: Full protective gear, self-contained breathing apparatus
Precautions: Move containers away from fire zone if safe to do so, cool fire-exposed tanks with water spray
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, eliminate all ignition sources, ventilate area, restrict entry to trained personnel
Environmental Precautions: Prevent gas from entering drains, basements, or confined spaces, inform emergency services of potential explosive atmosphere
Cleanup Procedures: Stop leak if safe, disperse gas with water spray, do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless properly trained
Protective Equipment: Use anti-static clothing and tools, suitable respirators if ventilation inadequate
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas, prevent static discharge, avoid contact with skin and eyes, prohibit smoking or flames in use/storage areas
Storage: Keep cylinders upright and secure, store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials, guard against mechanical damage, protect from direct sunlight and heat sources, separate from oxidizers
Transfer: Use appropriate hoses, connections, grounding, and bonding equipment for safe transfer
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA TWA: 1000 ppm (propane)
Engineering Controls: Mechanical ventilation, gas detection systems
Personal Protective Equipment: Flame-resistant clothing, insulated gloves, safety goggles, face shield during transfer
Respiratory Protection: Use positive pressure, air-supplied respirator in emergency or high-exposure situations
Hygiene: Wash hands after handling, remove contaminated clothing before eating, smoking, or using restroom
Appearance: Colorless gas, odor added by mercaptan
Odor: Distinct unpleasant, rotten egg smell due to odorant
Boiling Point: Propane: -42°C, n-Butane: -0.5°C
Melting Point: Propane: -187.7°C, n-Butane: -138°C
Vapor Pressure: High at ambient temperature
Density: Heavier than air (Vapor Density >1)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Flammability: Extremely flammable, explosion limits: Propane 2.1–9.5%, Butane 1.8–8.4% (by volume in air)
Auto-ignition Temperature: Approx. 450°C
Partition Coefficient: Log Pow 2.36 (propane)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, static discharge
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, chlorine, fluorine
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons on combustion
Polymerization: Will not occur under normal conditions
Acute Effects: Rapid inhalation displaces oxygen, causes dizziness, headache, asphyxia
Chronic Effects: No known chronic effects at normal exposure, prolonged inhalation in high concentrations may affect heart rhythm and central nervous system
Skin Contact: Rapid evaporation causes frostbite
Eye Contact: Serious cold burns possible
Inhalation: At high levels, unconsciousness or death from oxygen deficiency
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by OSHA, IARC, or NTP
Mutagenicity/Teratogenicity: Not known to be mutagenic or teratogenic
Environmental Impact: Volatile gases quickly disperse, minimal direct aquatic toxicity but rapid evaporation
Soil/Mobility: Low persistence, spreads quickly through air; not expected to bioaccumulate
Degradation: Photo-oxidation in atmosphere breaks down hydrocarbons
Aquatic Toxicity: Generally not toxic to aquatic life at environmental concentrations
Other Effects: Potential for greenhouse gas emissions
Disposal Methods: Discharge residual pressure before disposal of cylinders, recycle or return containers, avoid direct releases to air, soil, or water
Special Precautions: Follow local, regional, and national regulations
Labeling: Clearly identify empty and full containers, secure for transport or recycling
For Spills: Allow gas to disperse in a safe, ventilated area under supervision
UN Number: 1075 (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), 1978 (Propane), 1011 (Butane)
Shipping Name: Petroleum gases, liquefied
Transport Hazard Class: 2.1 (Flammable gas)
Packing Group: Not applicable for gases
Labeling: Flammable Gas labels required
Packaging Instructions: Use approved cylinders, check for leakage prior to transport, secure valve caps
Special Provisions: Emergency Information required in transport documentation
Regulatory Compliance: DOT, ADR, IMDG, IATA regulations apply
Occupational Safety Laws: OSHA regulations on compressed gases, workplace exposure limits
Environmental Laws: Clean Air Act controls on volatile organic compounds, greenhouse gas reporting
Labeling Requirements: Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for classification and labeling
Inventory Listings: Listed on TSCA, EINECS, DSL
State Regulations: Listed under state Right-to-Know Acts (CA Prop 65 not applicable)
Other Standards: Fire Codes (NFPA 58: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code), recommendations from American Petroleum Institute and National Fire Protection Association
