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Product Name: Permethrin
Chemical Formula: C21H20Cl2O3
Synonyms: Ambush, Astro, Atroban, Dragnet, Ectiban
Recommended Use: Insecticide for agriculture, public health, and home use
Supplier: Listed on container or purchase documents
Emergency Contact: Local poison control or emergency response number as displayed on product packaging
UN Number: 3077
CAS Number: 52645-53-1
Signal Word: Warning
Harmful Effects: May cause skin and eye irritation. Inhalation of fine mist or dust can irritate respiratory tract. Ingestion in large amounts can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and possible neurotoxic effects such as muscle tremors.
Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Skin sensitization, Environmental hazard to aquatic organisms
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, Environment
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Avoid inhaling dust or mist. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Active Ingredient: Permethrin (40-60% in technical concentrate, 0.25-10% in diluted formulations)
Impurities: Unreacted pyrethroids, surfactants, stabilizers, inert carriers as listed by manufacturer
Physical Form: Liquid emulsion (most consumer products), dust, or wettable powder
Other Ingredients: Solvents (e.g., petroleum distillates in some brands), emulsifiers, and binders, varying by application method
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air. If breathing stops, call emergency services and begin artificial respiration. Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists, call a doctor.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. Keep eyelids open and move eyes in all directions. Consult a physician.
Ingestion: Do not give anything by mouth if unconscious. If conscious, rinse mouth and give water to drink. Seek medical advice. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Symptoms of Overexposure: Local skin numbness, tingling, burning, headache, dizziness, nausea, muscle twitching, convulsions in severe cases.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, alcohol-resistant foam.
Special Hazards: Thermal decomposition can produce toxic gases including hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide.
Protection for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.
Precautions: Move containers from fire area if safe. Use water spray to cool containers. Prevent runoff into sewers and waterways. Most product forms do not ignite easily but may become combustible when mixed with flammable solvents.
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, chemical goggles, and a mask if dust or mist forms. Ensure adequate ventilation.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from entering drains, rivers, or lakes. Notify authorities if contamination occurs.
Clean-Up Methods: For small spills: absorb with sand, earth, or non-combustible material and collect in containers for disposal. For larger spills: dike area to prevent movement and use vacuum, pump, or shovel for recovery. Wash area with soap and water afterward.
Handling: Use protective equipment: gloves, eye protection, dust mask. Wash after handling. Do not eat, drink, or smoke around product.
Storage Conditions: Store tightly closed in original container at room temperature, away from sunlight, feed, foodstuffs, or living areas.
Incompatibility: Avoid contact with strong oxidizers, acids, and bases. Containers should not come in contact with food or animal feed.
Precautions: Keep away from children and unsupervised personnel. Clearly label all containers, and keep separated from incompatible substances.
Permissible Exposure Limits: No OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV established. Manufacturers recommend keeping airborne concentrations as low as possible.
Engineering Controls: Provide local exhaust ventilation in areas with potential dust, vapor, or mist.
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves, long-sleeved clothing, face shield or goggles, and approved dust or mist respirator when handling concentrate.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Monitoring: In high-exposure work, use workplace air monitoring for dust or vapor.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid or crystalline solid (technical grade, varies in formulated products)
Odor: Faint, characteristic
pH: 4-7 (1% solution)
Melting Point: 34-39°C (pure compound)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Nearly insoluble in water (0.006 mg/L at 20°C), soluble in organic solvents like acetone, hexane, xylene
Flash Point: 93°C (closed cup for technical product)
Density: 1.19 g/cm³ (pure)
Vapor Pressure: 1.2 x 10-5 mmHg at 20°C
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 6.1 (high potential for bioaccumulation)
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperature and recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity: Not reactive under recommended use and storage, but degrades slowly in exposure to air, light, or alkaline environment.
Decomposition Products: Forms chlorine, phosgene, and other toxic gases if burned.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Polymerization: Does not occur with typical storage and handling.
Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50): Approximately 430-4300 mg/kg in rats depending on formulation.
Acute Dermal Toxicity (LD50): Over 2000 mg/kg in rabbits.
Inhalation: Low toxicity by inhalation, but aerosols can irritate respiratory tract.
Skin Sensitization: May cause allergic contact dermatitis in susceptible people.
Chronic Exposure: Laboratory animals experienced tremors, increased liver weights after repeated high-level exposures. Not recognized as a human carcinogen by US EPA in labeled use.
Other Effects: Signs of disturbance in nervous system: tingling, itching, burning, sometimes numbness at site of contact. Large ingestion or inappropriate use can cause vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions in animals.
Aquatic Toxicity: Extremely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates (LC50 for rainbow trout: 0.002 ug/L); even small amounts can disrupt pond life and watercourses.
Persistence and Degradation: Low solubility and binds tightly to soil, but breaks down in soil within weeks by sunlight and microbes.
Bioaccumulation: High potential in aquatic species; log Kow over 6, so avoid use near water bodies.
Birds and Bees: Low risk for birds, moderate risk for bees on direct contact.
Other Environmental Concerns: Harmful to beneficial insects and can disrupt ecological balance where overused.
Disposal of Product: Do not pour into drains, water systems, or soil. Absorb recent spills with inert material and dispose of as hazardous waste in accordance with local, regional, and national laws.
Container Disposal: Triple rinse empty containers, puncture or crush, and recycle where possible. If not possible, dispose in approved landfill or incinerator.
Waste Codes: Follow supplier or local environmental authority recommendations for hazardous chemical disposal.
UN Number: 3077
Transport Hazard Class: 9 (Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances and Articles)
Packing Group: III
Labeling: Environmentally hazardous substance
Marine Pollutant: Yes; avoid transport in bulk by sea except under appropriate conditions.
Special Precautions: Ensure no leaks or spills during transport. Follow local rules for hazardous substances on roads, air, or sea.
US EPA: Registered under FIFRA for insecticide use.
European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. Classified as dangerous for the environment under CLP Regulation.
Canada: Listed on DSL, subject to Pest Control Products Act.
Other Agencies: Listed as hazardous by OSHA for workplace safety. Restrictions or prescribed uses in several countries due to toxicity to aquatic life.
Worker Safety: Employers must inform and train workers about risks and protective measures for handling permethrin.
Consumer Product Use: Only permitted in approved formulations and concentrations. Labels must show safe use, disposal instructions, and environmental warnings.
