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Chemical Name: P-Nitroethylbenzene
Synonyms: 1-Ethyl-4-nitrobenzene
CAS Number: 619-15-8
Molecular Formula: C8H9NO2
Molecular Weight: 151.17 g/mol
Appearance: Yellow to pale brown liquid or crystalline solid depending on storage and temperature
Odor: Slight, aromatic
Usage: Often used in organic synthesis, research, and chemical manufacturing
Classification: Considered hazardous due to toxicological and environmental effects
Main Hazards: Harmful if swallowed or inhaled, may cause skin and eye irritation, may lead to headaches and nausea if mishandled, risk of fire and explosion if exposed to open flame, possible mutagenic effects, environmental risk especially to aquatic life
GHS Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark, environment
Route of Exposure: Skin contact, inhalation, ingestion
Main Ingredient: P-Nitroethylbenzene (≥97%)
Impurities: May contain trace organic contaminants from the manufacturing process
Additives: Typically unmixed, but stabilizers could be present in some batches
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air, keep comfortable, seek medical attention if symptoms like dizziness, headache, or irritation develop
Skin Contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing, rinse affected area thoroughly with soap and water, seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if possible, seek urgent medical attention for pain, redness or vision changes
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, seek immediate medical attention
Note for Responders: Use personal protective equipment, avoid direct contact with substance
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, avoid water if possible as runoff may be toxic
Special Hazards: Combustion can release toxic gases including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Advice for Firefighters: Full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus recommended
Fire Behavior: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air and spread along surfaces
Personal Precautions: Avoid breathing vapors, ventilate area thoroughly, evacuate unnecessary personnel, wear chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing
Spill Cleanup: Contain spill with inert absorbent material such as sand or vermiculite, gather and transfer to suitable disposal container, wash area with water only if authority permits
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry to sewers, waterways or soil, notify local authorities if large quantities escape
Handling: Avoid breathing dust, fume, or vapor, handle only in well-ventilated areas, never eat, drink or smoke while handling, use appropriate PPE at all times to guard against accidental exposure, keep containers tightly closed
Storage: Keep in cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances like oxidizers and acids, protect from light, label containers clearly, store away from food and feedstuffs, limit access to trained personnel
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods or local exhaust recommended, safety showers and eyewash stations nearby
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, gloves resistant to organic chemicals, lab coats or aprons, appropriate footwear, respiratory protection if airborne concentrations exceed safe limits
Work Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, remove contaminated clothing immediately, avoid accidental contact
State: Liquid or crystalline solid
Color: Yellow to pale brown
Odor: Slight aromatic
Boiling Point: Approximately 233°C
Melting Point: 33-36°C
Solubility: Poorly soluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents including ethanol and ether
Density: About 1.14 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature
Chemical Stability: Usually stable under ordinary conditions with proper storage
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flames, ignition sources, prolonged light exposure
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, alkali metals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide may be released during degradation or combustion
Polymerization: No rapid dangerous polymerization under usual handling conditions
Acute Effects: Harmful if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin
Symptoms: May cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, nausea, headache, dizziness, potential central nervous system effects at high exposure
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated contact can lead to dermatitis or other skin conditions, some potential for mutagenic or reproductive toxicity based on structure and related compounds
Carcinogenicity: Not classified clearly as carcinogenic by major agencies, but prudent to handle as a potential risk
Persistence: Not readily biodegradable, can persist in environment
Bioaccumulation: Potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic life with lasting effects
Mobility: Limited mobility in soil due to low water solubility, but can spread by other means if released
Precaution: Contain and collect spillage to prevent contamination of water bodies
Waste Disposal Methods: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber, dispose in accordance with local, national, and international guidelines
Contaminated Packaging: Handle and dispose of as hazardous waste, empty containers may retain product residues and vapor
Precautions: Do not drain to environment; always pass materials through an approved waste handler or incinerator
Transport Classification: Typically regulated as a hazardous substance for ground, air, or sea transport
Proper Shipping Name: Organic liquid, toxic, n.o.s. (contains P-Nitroethylbenzene)
Packing Group: Usually assigned to PG III unless greater risk levels are measured
Special Precautions: Secure cargo, keep away from food and drinks, ensure labeling and documentation meet regional rules
Hazard Controls: Covered under international conventions on hazardous chemicals and transport
Worker Protection: Subject to occupational safety regulations that require risk assessment, exposure controls, and training
Reporting Requirements: Subject to notification if large spills enter the environment in most jurisdictions
Environmental Release: Release restrictions and reporting outlined by government agencies overseeing chemicals and hazardous substances
Safety Registration: Listed or reportable under various chemical inventories and chemical safety legislations in multiple regions
