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Chemical Name: P-Nitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
Chemical Formula: C6H5NO5S
Appearance: Pale yellow crystalline powder, distinct strong odor
Synonyms: 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, PNS acid
Typical Use: Often shows up in organic synthesis, dyes, and analytical chemistry
CAS Number: 98-47-5
Hazard Class: Acute toxicity possible if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin
Risk Statements: Can cause burns, may lead to serious eye damage, may irritate the respiratory tract
Pictograms: Corrosive, harmful
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, skin, and eye contact
Major Symptoms: Burning sensation in mouth and throat, coughing, redness and pain on skin or in eyes
Main Component: P-Nitrobenzenesulfonic Acid, up to 99%, no significant stabilizers or additives found in common lab stock forms
Impurities: Trace water, unreacted nitro compounds possible
Molecular Weight: 203.18 g/mol
Inhalation: Remove from exposure right away. Seek fresh air, keep person calm, seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with copious water and soap.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with running water for fifteen minutes, hold eyelids open, medical evaluation recommended
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, get medical help immediately
Suitable Extinguishing Agents: Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam
Combustion Products: Toxic fumes such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides can emerge
Protective Equipment: Firefighters need self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective suit
Fire/Explosion Hazards: Substance itself lacks high flammability but decomposes to hazardous gases under heat
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, goggles, lab coat, use a respirator if dust expected
Spill Clean-Up: Scoop solid into appropriate waste container, ventilate area, wipe residue with damp cloth
Environmental Protection: Do not throw down sewer, avoid release to environment, collect uncontaminated material if feasible
Handling: Use in fume hood whenever practical, minimize dust, avoid direct skin and eye contact
Storage: Store in tightly closed, labeled containers, cool and dry area, keep away from incompatible substances such as strong bases, strong acids, and oxidizers
Hygiene Considerations: Wash hands thoroughly after use, keep food and drinks outside the lab area
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, chemical fume hoods recommended
Personal Protection: Laboratory gloves, chemical splash goggles, lab coat. Use a respirator if handling large quantities or creating dust.
Exposure Limits: No specific TLV set by ACGIH; avoid any unnecessary exposure
Appearance: Light yellow to pale orange powder
Odor: Pungent odor
Solubility: Soluble in water, releasing acidic solution
Melting Point: Around 170°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Not applicable, decomposes
pH: Acidic in water
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Density: Approx. 1.7 g/cm3
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal lab conditions if kept dry
Incompatible Materials: Strong reducing agents, strong oxidizers, strong bases
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Produces potentially toxic gases like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides upon decomposition or fire
Conditions to Avoid: Avoid high moisture, exposure to open flames, strong heat sources
Exposure Effects: Corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; ingestion may damage gastrointestinal lining
Acutely Toxic: Oral and dermal exposure can cause severe effects in mammals, no antidote; symptoms include burns and severe irritation
Chronic Risks: Repeated exposure could increase sensitivity of skin, risk of respiratory irritation may escalate with regular use
Carcinogenicity: No solid evidence of carcinogenic effects in humans from available research, but avoid unnecessary contact due to irritancy
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, potential for short-term and long-lasting effects
Persistence and Degradability: Not expected to degrade quickly in the environment
Bioaccumulation: Limited evidence, but chemicals of this class may concentrate in sediment or living tissue
Special Precautions: Never pour waste into streams, drains, or sewers, avoid release into soil
Methods: Hand over in properly labeled, tightly closed container to approved chemical waste disposal contractor
Do Not: Mix with regular trash, pour down any drain, or incinerate outside of supervised chemical waste facilities
Legal Requirements: Follow local chemical disposal regulations, track waste generation and ensure proper documentation for hazardous material movement
Packaging: Use strong, sealed, clearly labeled containers that prevent movement or leakage
Precautions: Protect from moisture and mechanical shock, separate from food and incompatible chemicals
Regulated Transport: Check relevant hazardous goods class before shipment; some jurisdictions restrict the category due to its corrosive and potentially toxic nature
Hazard Symbol: Corrosive, harmful
Workplace Safety: Subject to chemical workplace hazard communication regulations in many countries
Environmental Restrictions: Restrictions on direct release to water and soil; waste considered hazardous
Reporting and Documentation: Facilities must maintain risk assessments and be prepared for inspection by local or national chemical safety authorities
