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Product Name: Orthophosphoric Acid
Chemical Name: Phosphoric Acid
Synonyms: O-Phosphoric Acid
Molecular Formula: H3PO4
Molecular Weight: 98.00 g/mol
CAS Number: 7664-38-2
Manufacturer/Supplier: Various chemical suppliers across industrial sectors
Recommended Use: Fertilizer manufacturing, metal surface treatment, food additive (acidulant), cleaning agents
Emergency Contact: Refer to local poison center or supplier emergency line
GHS Classification: Skin Corrosion Category 1B, Serious Eye Damage Category 1
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns; causes serious eye damage
Pictograms: Corrosive
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gloves/clothing/eye protection, avoid breathing fumes or mist, wash hands thoroughly after handling
Route of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Main Symptoms: Burning sensation, coughing, labored breathing, redness, blurred vision, severe eye pain
Phosphoric Acid: 75-85% by weight
Water: 15-25% by weight
Impurities: Trace amounts of Heavy metals and other acids (if present, depending on manufacture)
Ingredient Purity: High purity for pharmaceutical or food grades, technical grade for industrial uses
General Advice: Remove contaminated clothing immediately, provide medical attention
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep patient at rest, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, call a physician
Skin Contact: Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing, seek medical assistance
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing, immediate medical attention needed
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water, drink plenty of water to dilute, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person, seek immediate medical help
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, CO2, or foam to extinguish fires in the area
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Do not use water jet directly on the acid as it may cause splattering
Hazardous Combustion Products: Phosphorus oxides released at high temperatures
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Fire/Explosion Risks: Not flammable but reacts violently with water and metals, can release toxic and corrosive vapors in fire settings
Special Instructions: Use water spray cautiously to prevent runoff and contact with reactive materials
Personal Precautions: Wear suitable protective clothing including nitrile gloves, chemical resistant apron, face shield, and eye protection
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering soil, ditches, sewers, waterways, and groundwater
Containment: Dike area with non-reactive material (soil, sand), contain spill
Clean-Up Methods: Absorb spill with inert material; collect in suitable containers for disposal; neutralize with sodium bicarbonate or lime if possible under expert supervision
Emergency Procedures: Evacuate area, ventilate, and restrict entry until cleanup completed
Reporting: Notify applicable health and environmental authorities as required by law
Handling: Work in well-ventilated area; avoid inhalation of mist or vapor; avoid contact with eyes, skin, clothing; do not eat, drink, or smoke when handling this product; use corrosion-resistant equipment.
Storage: Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers, separate from bases, organic materials, metals, and foodstuffs; store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; label containers; insure secondary containment
Incompatible Materials: Strong bases, chlorides, metals such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium; hydroxides; strong oxidizing agents
Storage Conditions: Product is hygroscopic and can corrode metal containers; store away from direct sunlight and heat sources; avoid freezing
Occupational Exposure Limit: ACGIH TLV 1 mg/m3 (TWA); OSHA PEL 1 mg/m3 (TWA)
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation; ensure eyewash stations and safety showers are accessible
Respiratory Protection: Use air-purifying respirators for mist or vapor, use full-facepiece respirators during emergencies
Hand Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene, butyl rubber)
Eye Protection: Chemical goggles and face shield
Skin Protection: Impermeable protective clothing, lab coat or apron
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, remove contaminated clothing immediately, clean before reuse
Appearance: Clear, colorless, syrupy liquid
Odor: Odorless
pH (1% solution): Less than 2
Boiling Point: 158°C (316°F)
Melting Point: 21°C (70°F)
Flash Point: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Density: About 1.684 g/cm3 at 25°C
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Viscosity: Syrupy at room temperature
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not applicable
Evaporation Rate: Slow
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under recommended storage conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong bases and some metals to release flammable hydrogen; reacts exothermically with water; can corrode metals
Conditions to Avoid: Excess heat, direct sunlight, freezing, moisture, incompatible materials
Incompatible Materials: Alkalis, strong oxidizers, metals, organic solvents, reducing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Produces toxic phosphorus oxides (P2O5) when heated to decomposition
Polymerization: Will not occur
Acute Toxicity Data: Oral LD50 (rat): 1530 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rabbit): 2740 mg/kg
Inhalation Exposure: May cause severe irritation to respiratory tract, pulmonary edema at high concentrations
Skin Contact: Severe burns and ulceration
Eye Contact: Permanent tissue damage, vision loss
Chronic Effects: Repeated or prolonged exposure can lead to dermatitis, respiratory effects, dental erosion
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
Other Effects: May aggravate skin disorders, asthma, or other respiratory conditions
Sensitization: Not a known skin sensitizer
Ecotoxicity (Aquatic): Highly toxic to aquatic organisms due to low pH, can alter aquatic ecosystems and kill fish and invertebrates
Persistence and Degradability: Inorganic acid, dissociates completely in water
Bioaccumulative Potential: Not expected to bioaccumulate
Mobility in Soil: Freely mobile in soil and water, can move to groundwater
Other Adverse Effects: Large releases cause harmful shifts in water pH with widespread effects
Environmental Precaution Advice: Prevent release to environment, neutralize spill if safe to do so
Disposal Method: Neutralize acid in a controlled environment with sodium bicarbonate or lime, then dispose in accordance with local regulations by certified hazardous waste contractors
Container Handling: Triple rinse containers; do not reuse containers for food or drink
Waste Disposal Regulatory Requirements: Follow all applicable local, regional, and national environmental regulations
Avoid Release: Do not pour down drains, stormwater, or onto soil
UN Number: UN1805
UN Proper Shipping Name: Phosphoric Acid, Solution
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive substances)
Packing Group: III
Marine Pollutant: No
Special Precautions: Consult authority requirements for packing and shipping
Labels: Corrosive, keep upright, handle with care
OSHA Status: Hazardous Chemical by definition of the Hazard Communication Standard
SARA Title III: Covered under Section 313 as a toxic chemical
CERCLA Reportable Quantity: 5000 lbs (2270 kg)
EU REACH Regulation: Registered substance, subject to restrictions and obligations for safe use
WHMIS Classification (Canada): D1B Toxic Material, E Corrosive Material
TSCA Inventory: Listed
Other Regulatory Data: Classified as hazardous under EU CLP regulation; subject to workplace and environmental exposures standards
