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Chemical Name: N-Propylbenzene
Synonyms: 1-Phenylpropane; Benzene, n-propyl-
CAS Number: 103-65-1
Recommended Use: Industrial manufacturing, solvent, chemical intermediate
Supplier: Standard chemical suppliers, industrial manufacturers
Emergency Contact: Refer to local poison control and emergency numbers for immediate response
GHS Classification: Flammable Liquids – Category 3; Acute Toxicity – Inhalation Category 4; Skin Irritation – Category 3
GHS Label Elements: Signal word: Warning; Flame and exclamation mark pictograms
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor; Harmful if inhaled; Causes mild skin irritation
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames; Avoid breathing vapor; Wear protective gloves and eye protection; Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
Potential Health Effects: Inhalation can cause respiratory irritation and headaches; Skin contact may lead to mild irritation; Eye contact can provoke redness or discomfort; Ingestion brings risk of digestive disturbance and drowsiness
Chemical Substance: N-Propylbenzene
Concentration: >99%
Impurities: Trace amounts of benzene derivatives, no listed hazardous impurities above controlled thresholds
Molecular Formula: C9H12
Molecular Weight: 120.19 g/mol
Inhalation: Remove affected person to fresh air, monitor for breathing difficulties, administer oxygen if needed, seek medical advice if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash area thoroughly with water and mild soap; remove contaminated clothing; medical attention for persistent redness or irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with clean water for at least 15 minutes, hold eyelids open; seek medical help if discomfort continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, seek medical advice, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel
Note to Physicians: Monitor respiratory and neurological symptoms; treat symptomatically
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO2, foam, water spray
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct high-pressure water jets risk spreading fire
Specific Hazards: Flammable liquid, vapors can form explosive mixtures with air, combustion can produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear full protective gear, including self-contained breathing apparatus
Special Procedures: Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors; cool adjacent containers with water spray to prevent pressure build-up
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unprotected people, eliminate ignition sources, ventilate spill area, use appropriate respiratory and skin protection
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, soil, and surface waters; inform local authorities in case of large spills
Methods for Cleanup: Absorb with inert material such as vermiculite or sand; collect in containers for proper disposal; clean spill area with water and detergent
Additional Instruction: Dispose of contaminated recovery materials based on local regulations, avoid misuse of cleaning waste
Handling: Use with adequate ventilation, ground and bond containers when transferring liquid, avoid contact with skin and eyes, do not breathe vapors
Safe Practices: Use non-sparking tools, keep away from open flames and heat, refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking during use
Storage: Store in tightly closed, properly labeled containers in cool, dry areas; avoid direct sunlight and sources of static electricity
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, and alkalis can react violently
Specific Storage Conditions: Maintain storage temperature below 30°C, segregate from incompatible substances
Occupational Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limits; keep airborne concentrations as low as possible through local exhaust ventilation
Engineering Controls: Use explosion-proof equipment, ensure adequate general and local exhaust
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), safety goggles, long sleeves, face shield for splash risk
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved chemical cartridge respirators in poorly ventilated areas or where vapor concentrations exceed recommendations
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, launder clothing before reuse
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Distinct aromatic odor
Odor Threshold: Available upon request
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point: -81°C
Boiling Point: 159-162°C
Flash Point: 42°C (Closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not fully determined
Flammability: Readily flammable
Upper/Lower Flammability: 0.9% - 6.4% (by volume in air)
Vapor Pressure: 1.2 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 4.1 (Air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.861 (Water = 1)
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Partition Coefficient n-octanol/water: Log Kow: 3.66
Auto-ignition Temperature: 450°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not established
Viscosity: Approximately 1.2 cP at 25°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage, but forms peroxides upon prolonged air exposure
Reactivity: Undergoes exothermic reactions with strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous Reactions: Violent with nitric acid, peroxides
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, sparks, static electricity, incompatible chemicals
Decomposition Products: Toxic gases including carbon oxides under fire conditions
Acute Toxicity: Inhalation LC50 (rat) >5000 mg/m³ (4 hours); Oral LD50 (rat) >3400 mg/kg; Skin LD50 (rabbit) >8000 mg/kg
Inhalation Risks: Short term exposure brings headaches, dizziness, respiratory irritation, drowsiness at higher concentrations
Skin and Eye Effects: Mild irritant upon direct skin or eye exposure
Chronic Effects: Prolonged contact may cause dermatitis, long-term inhalation could affect central nervous system
Carcinogenicity: IARC and NTP do not classify n-propylbenzene as a carcinogen
Mutagenicity/Reproductive Toxicity: No adequate studies indicating mutagenic or reproductive risk
Sensitization: Not reported
Aquatic Toxicity: Acute LC50 (fish): 3.5 mg/L (96 hours, fathead minnow); EC50 (daphnia): 2.1 mg/L (48 hours)
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradable in environment with typical half-life under aerobic conditions within weeks
Bioaccumulation: Potential for bioaccumulation (Log Kow above 3)
Soil Mobility: Moderate; moves mostly in dissolved form, can volatilize from soil and water
Other Ecological Hazards: Toxic to aquatic life in concentrated spills
Waste Treatment Methods: Use licensed chemical waste disposal; incineration preferred for larger volumes
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse thoroughly before disposal, comply with local environmental regulations
Do Not: Pour into drains, waterways, or natural environment
Waste Codes: Consult local recycling and disposal authorities for specific requirements
Minimization: Implement source reduction and recycling whenever possible
UN Number: UN 2365
Proper Shipping Name: n-Propylbenzene
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Flammable Material (red diamond symbol)
Transport Notes: Road, rail, sea, and air shipment regulated under international and national regulations; avoid packaging leaks and incompatible materials
Special Precautions for User: Keep containers upright and secured during transport
TSCA: Listed in US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) chemical inventory
EINECS: Listed (203-132-9)
OSHA: Classified as hazardous under US OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
SARA Title III: Not listed as an extremely hazardous substance; subject to reporting within some thresholds
Canadian WHMIS: Category B2 (Flammable liquid), D2B (Toxic material causing other effects)
Other Regulations: Compliant with REACH in the EU; check additional local and national health, safety, and environmental requirements
