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Product Name: N-Propyl Nitrate
Synonyms: Propyl nitrate, 1-Nitrooxypropane
CAS Number: 627-13-4
Recommended Uses: Research chemical applications, energetic material research
Supplier Information: Manufacturer’s contact information available on label or purchase documentation
Emergency Contact: Emergency telephone numbers found on local safety documentation and on shipped containers
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 2), Acute toxicity (Oral, Category 4), Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure, Category 3)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor, harmful if swallowed, may cause respiratory irritation
Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, or open flames, avoid breathing vapors, wear protective gloves and eye protection
Chemical Name: N-Propyl Nitrate
Common Name: Propyl nitrate
Chemical Formula: C3H7NO3
Concentration: 100% (for neat chemical)
CAS Number: 627-13-4
Impurities and Stabilizing Additives: No significant impurities known with supplier-grade material
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air without delay, keep patient warm and at rest, seek medical advice if symptoms such as dizziness, headache or respiratory discomfort develop
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with plenty of water and soap, seek medical attention if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with gentle stream of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids, consult a specialist if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, never give anything by mouth if unconscious, do not induce vomiting—seek immediate medical help
Acute Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, respiratory distress, nausea
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam—avoid water jets on flames due to risk of spreading flammable liquid
Specific Hazards: Vapors form explosive mixtures with air and can travel significant distances to ignition sources, combustion can produce toxic gases including nitrogen oxides
Protective Equipment and Precautions: Firefighters must wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective suit
Advice: Cool containers with water spray from a safe distance, stay upwind and keep out of hazardous vapor zones, do not allow run-off from firefighting to reach drains or watercourses
Personal Precautions: Eliminate all ignition sources immediately, ventilate area, wear personal protective equipment including gloves, chemical-resistant suit, and goggles
Environmental Precautions: Prevent leakage into drains, water courses, and soil, alert environmental authorities if significant contamination occurs
Methods for Containment: Contain spill with sand, earth, or suitable inert absorbent material, avoid direct contact
Methods for Cleanup: Absorb residue with suitable material, transfer to chemical waste container, clean area thoroughly with soap and water, dispose as hazardous waste
Handling Procedures: Ground and bond containers whenever transferring, use in well-ventilated areas only, avoid inhalation or direct skin contact, employ explosion-proof electrical equipment
Advice on Safe Handling: Carry out transfers in small batches, avoid creating sources of static electricity, keep work area free of incompatible materials
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, ventilated, and explosion-proof location, keep containers tightly sealed, protect from direct sunlight and incompatible materials
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, reducing agents, acids, alkalis, and sources of ignition or heat
Exposure Limits: No regulatory occupational exposure limit established; minimize exposure by setting workplace guidelines based on toxicity data
Engineering Controls: Fume hood or effective local ventilation required, explosion-proof air extraction recommended
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), long-sleeved lab coat, chemical splash goggles, face shield for large quantities
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly before eating, drinking, or smoking, remove any contaminated clothing immediately, keep chemical away from food and drinks
Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Sweet, ether-like
Melting Point: -100°C
Boiling Point: 87°C
Flash Point: -1°C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: 180°C
Explosive Limits: Lower: 1.0% (v/v), Upper: 9.5% (v/v)
Vapor Pressure: 45 mmHg at 20°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, miscible with alcohol and ethers
Density: 1.01 g/cm³ at 20°C
Viscosity: 0.64 mPa·s at 20°C
Decomposition: Spontaneous at excessive heat, produces toxic fumes
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions, decomposes on heating or exposure to sunlight
Hazardous Reactions: Vigorous reactions possible with strong oxidizers, acids, alkalis, reducing agents
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, static discharge, sunlight
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, varied toxic fumes
Acute Effects: Swallowing or inhaling the material causes headache, dizziness, nausea, central nervous system depression, respiratory and cardiac symptoms
Dermal Exposure: Causes mild skin irritation, repeated exposure may increase effect
Eye Exposure: Chemical can cause eye irritation and redness
Chronic Exposure: Long-term data limited, prolonged or repeated exposure may impact blood and liver function
LD50 (oral, rat): Approximately 650 mg/kg
Additional Risks: Sensitization has not been widely reported, limited studies on carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, can contribute to oxygen depletion in watercourses
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to hydrolyze slowly in water, partial degradation possible under environmental conditions
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low to moderate—partition coefficient suggests potential for some accumulation in aquatic organisms
Mobility in Soil: Moves readily through soil if released, increased risk for groundwater contamination
Other Harmful Effects: Unknown chronic effects on local terrestrial or aquatic species, contact with natural waters should be avoided
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local, regional, or national laws; incineration at chemical waste facility preferred
Contaminated Packaging: Containers must be triple-rinsed, any liquid residues properly neutralized or incinerated
Precautions: Avoid direct discharge to sewers or surface waters, coordinate with hazardous material handlers to ensure controlled destruction
UN Number: 2553
UN Proper Shipping Name: Propyl Nitrate
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquids)
Packing Group: I (substances presenting high danger)
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant—keep away from water bodies en route
Special Precautions: Segregate from foodstuffs, strong oxidizers, acids, and alkalis; containers must be appropriate for flammable liquid transport, properly labeled, and securely closed
Labeling Requirements: GHS/CLP hazard and precautionary symbols and statements, applicable local labeling
Safety, Health, and Environmental Regulations: Subject to OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM), listed by the European REACH regulation, hazardous air pollutant per Clean Air Act in the United States
Chemical Inventory Listings: Found on TSCA, EINECS/ELINCS; users should verify inclusion on national inventory lists
Restrictions and Use Authorizations: Controlled use in research and industry; not for unrestricted consumer use
Other Compliance: Users must implement appropriate hazard assessments, safety training and emergency planning as required by workplace safety authorities
