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Product Name: N-Butyl Nitrite
Chemical Formula: C4H9NO2
CAS Number: 928-39-0
Synonyms: Nitrous acid butyl ester, Butyl nitrite
Recommended Use: Laboratory and industrial chemical synthesis
Supplier Details: Manufacturer’s address and emergency contact required for traceability
Emergency Telephone: Refer to local poison center or emergency responder number
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 2), Acute toxicity by inhalation (Category 3), Acute toxicity oral (Category 4), Specific target organ toxicity single exposure (Category 3)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Toxic if inhaled. Harmful if swallowed. Causes drowsiness or dizziness. May cause headache, shortness of breath, and low blood pressure.
Pictograms: Flame, Skull and Crossbones, Exclamation Mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. No smoking. Store locked up. Dispose of container in accordance with local regulations.
Other Hazards: Vapor may cause sudden loss of consciousness or risk of chemical asphyxiation. Prolonged skin contact can cause irritation and increase absorption.
Chemical Name: N-Butyl Nitrite
Common Name and Synonyms: Butyl nitrite, Nitrous acid butyl ester, Nitrate of butyl
Concentration: ≥ 98% by weight
Impurities: Minor traces of water or lower alkanes result from production but may affect reactivity
Molecular Weight: 103.12 g/mol
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately. Call for emergency medical services. Monitor victim’s breathing and provide artificial respiration if breathing stops. Administer oxygen if breathing becomes labored. Keep victim at rest.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with plenty of water and soap. Seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if comfortable to do so. Get medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly. Do not induce vomiting. Drink plenty of water if conscious. Seek immediate medical help.
Potential Symptoms: Rapid heartbeat, drops in blood pressure, headache, dizziness, nausea, weakness, cyanosis (blue lips/finger tips).
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid spraying water directly into burning liquid.
Special Hazards: Vapors form explosive mixtures with air. Combustion produces toxic gases like nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters must use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear to prevent inhalation or skin contact.
Fire Fighting Advice: Remove all ignition sources from area. Cool containers with flooding amounts of water far from source of fire. Take rapid action to prevent spread of fire to nearby chemicals and storage. Evacuate area if not directly involved.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate all non-essential personnel. Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and use respirator mask to avoid vapor exposure. Ventilate area well.
Spill Clean-Up Procedures: Absorb small spill with inert material (diatomite, vermiculite, sand), then collect and place in chemical waste drum. For large releases, dike area to avoid spilling to drains. Use spark-proof equipment.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, water sources, or soil. Notify authorities in case of accidental environmental contamination.
Decontamination: After collection, wash area with plenty of water and detergent; ventilate until vapors are dispersed.
Handling: Work in chemical fume hood or well-ventilated space. Wear nitrile gloves, goggles, and flame-resistant lab coat. Avoid inhaling vapors. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use. Don’t eat, drink, or smoke near product.
Storage: Store in tightly sealed, compatible metal or glass containers away from direct sunlight, heat sources, ignition sources, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents and acids. Store at temperatures below 25°C. Keep away from children and unauthorized personnel. Dedicated flammable liquids storage cabinet recommended. Maintain spill kits nearby.
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH exposure limits for N-Butyl Nitrite, but minimize airborne concentration to lowest possible levels.
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation or chemical fume hood. Mechanical ventilation should prevent vapor accumulation.
Personal Protection: Wear nitrile gloves, chemical splash goggles, anti-static personal clothing, and shoes. Use full-face respirator with organic vapor cartridge if vapor exposure cannot be avoided. Maintain eyewash stations and emergency safety showers.
Hygiene: Wash hands and face after handling. Remove contaminated clothing before leaving work area.
Appearance: Pale yellow to light green liquid
Odor: Pungent, fruity, sweet typical nitrite odor
Boiling Point: 75-78°C
Melting Point: -125°C
Flash Point: 12°C (closed cup), easily forms flammable vapor/air mixtures
Vapor Pressure: 80 mmHg at 20°C
Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble
Density: 0.876 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility in Solvents: Miscible with most organic solvents
Other Properties: Easily evaporates; vapor heavier than air.
Chemical Stability: Stable at low temperatures and in tightly sealed containers. Sensitive to heat, light, and contamination.
Reactivity: Strong reducing or oxidizing agents cause decomposition and violent reaction. Reacts vigorously with strong acids, producing nitric oxide and butanol.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and butanol may form on heating or burning.
Conditions to Avoid: Avoid heat, open flame, sunlight, static discharge, and moisture contamination.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, peroxides, alkali metals, and oxidizing agents.
Likely Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, eye contact
Acute Health Effects: Rapid absorption through skin or lung. Causes headache, vomiting, dizziness, respiratory depression, hypotension, methemoglobinemia (blue skin, fatigue, rapid pulse). High doses can cause coma or death.
Chronic Health Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause nervous system and blood effects, chronic headache, weakness.
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
Mutagenicity: Not adequately studied; avoid unnecessary exposure.
Reproductive Toxicity: No clear evidence in literature.
LD50 (oral, rat): Estimated at 130 mg/kg
Symptoms of Overexposure: Confusion, convulsions, loss of consciousness, cyanosis, risk of arrhythmia.
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms. Releases of even small quantities threaten fish, invertebrates, and algae.
Mobility: Mobile in soil and water due to low absorption.
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to degrade slowly in water and air under environmental conditions.
Bioaccumulation: Potential for accumulation in aquatic species unknown.
Avoid Release: Strictly prevent leaks to surface water, soil, and sewers.
Waste Disposal: Treat as hazardous waste. Collect and store waste in approved, flame-resistant drum for chemical incineration by licensed hazardous waste facility.
Contaminated Packaging: Decontaminate thoroughly prior to recycling or disposal. Avoid landfill disposal.
Sewage: Do not discharge to municipal sewage or natural waterways. Comply with all local, national, and international regulations.
UN Number: UN 2339
Proper Shipping Name: Butyl nitrites
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: II
Labels Needed: Flammable liquid label
Special Precautions: Keep away from sources of ignition during transport. Use approved, sealed container. Trained personnel must handle spills in transit.
Additional Info: Subject to transport regulations for hazardous materials. Declaration to authorities before international shipment required.
Federal Regulation: Listed on US TSCA inventory. Handling governed by OSHA flammable liquids standards. Subject to SARA Title III regulations for acute health hazards.
European Regulation: Covered under REACH, CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and included in the harmonized classification list.
Other Applicable Regulations: Subject to various national chemical control laws and environmental release restrictions. Carefully review all local, state, provincial, or country-specific requirements.
Worker Protection: Facilities using or storing N-Butyl Nitrite must provide chemical safety training, maintain MSDS access, emergency equipment, and conduct risk assessment to align with EHS stewardship and safety policies.
