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Product Name: N-Amyl Nitrite
Synonyms: Isoamyl nitrite, Pentyl nitrite
Chemical Formula: C5H11NO2
Molecular Weight: 117.15 g/mol
CAS Number: 110-46-3
Manufacturer: Provided upon request
Emergency Contact: Chemtrec 1-800-424-9300
Recommended Uses: Laboratory reagent, industrial solvent, pharmaceutical intermediate
Restrictions On Use: Avoid non-industrial settings, keep away from children
Supplier Identification: Available on invoice and shipment documentation
Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 2), Acute toxicity oral (Category 3), Acute toxicity inhalation (Category 2), Skin irritation (Category 2), Eye irritation (Category 2A)
Hazard Statements: High flammability, causes serious eye and skin irritation, may be fatal if inhaled or ingested, harm to respiratory system
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Flame, Skull and Crossbones, Exclamation Mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, wear protective gear, keep away from heat or spark sources, use explosion-proof equipment
Potential Health Effects: Headaches, dizziness, cyanosis, nausea, methemoglobinemia, reduced oxygen transport in blood, risk of sudden cardiac effects if misused
Environmental Hazards: Harmful to aquatic organisms, potential for ground contamination near spill sites
Chemical Name: N-Amyl Nitrite
Common Name: Isoamyl nitrite
Chemical Identity: C5H11NO2
Concentration: 99% or higher (industrial and laboratory grade)
Impurities & Stabilizers: Trace by-products from synthesis, low water content, absence of non-volatile impurity is standard
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, monitor airways and breathing, call emergency services; administer oxygen if trained
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash contact area with soap and running water for several minutes, seek medical advice
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes carefully with plenty of water for at least fifteen minutes, keep eyelids apart, get immediate medical attention
Ingestion: Never induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water, seek immediate medical help, keep person still and monitor for breathing difficulties
Symptoms to Watch: Bluish lips or fingertips, rapid heartbeat, confusion, excessive salivation, unconsciousness or reduced alertness
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam; water can be used in spray to cool containers
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Avoid jets of water, direct high-pressure sprays cause spread
Specific Hazards: Vigorous, fast-spreading fire risk, emits toxic nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides, decomposes explosively in heat
Protective Equipment for Fire-Fighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, full fire protection suits, use eye protection to avoid vapor exposure
Firefighting Instructions: Keep containers cool with water spray, remove undamaged containers if safe, avoid inhalation of combustion gases
Personal Precautions: Evacuate spill area, ventilate, avoid breathing vapor, wear chemical-proof gloves, goggles, flame-retardant clothing
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry to sewers, drains, surface water, alert authorities of large contamination
Containment and Cleanup: Absorb spillage with sand, earth, or approved inert material, use spark-proof tools, place waste in labeled sealed containers, ventilate area thoroughly post-cleanup, dispose by hazardous waste handler
Handling: Work in chemical fume hoods or outdoors, avoid open flames and spark sources, ground and bond containers, limit handling to trained personnel, use only spark-proof, closed-system equipment, wash thoroughly after use
Storage: Store in cool, well-ventilated location, away from sunlight and heat sources, segregate from oxidizers, strong acids, and reducing agents, keep tightly sealed in original amber glass bottles or compatible high-barrier containers, label areas clearly, check containers for leaks or corrosion regularly
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV: 0.1 ppm (skin), OSHA PEL: not established but restrict as a confirmed inhalation hazard
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hoods, explosion-proof exhausts, emergency eyewash and shower nearby
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator for organic vapors, flame-retardant gloves, full body suit, avoid skin exposure, no open-toe shoes
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands, forearms, and face after use, remove contaminated clothing immediately, prevent carrying vapors outside the workplace
Appearance: Clear to light yellow oily liquid
Odor: Pungent, fruity, sweet-ether smell
Boiling Point: 98–100 °C
Melting Point: –80 °C
Flash Point: 12 °C (closed cup)
Auto-ignition Temperature: 190 °C
Flammability: Highly flammable
Vapor Pressure: 83 mmHg at 25 °C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, readily soluble in organic solvents
Density: 0.877 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Explosive Properties: Vapor may form explosive mixtures with air
Partition Coefficient: log Pow 2.2
Chemical Stability: Unstable under heat, sunlight, or strong acids
Reactivity: Reacts violently with oxidizing agents, forms unstable peroxides, decomposes to produce toxic gases
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, flames, sources of ignition, static discharge
Incompatible Materials: Oxidizers, strong acids, alkali metals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, explosive peroxides in aged materials
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, dermal, ocular, ingestion
Acute Effects: Severe headache, dizziness, nausea, methemoglobinemia, loss of consciousness
Chronic Effects: Methaemoglobinemia with little warning, neurological symptoms from sustained exposure
LD50 (Oral, Rat): ~130 mg/kg
Immediate Symptoms: Cyanosis, rapid pulse, confusion, hypotension, respiratory distress
Delayed Effects: Kidney and liver complications in severe cases
Carcinogenicity: Not classified by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Other Toxicological Data: Sensitizer to some individuals, risk of severe reactions with improper storage or dosing
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and aquatic invertebrates, acute and chronic risk to water bodies
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately biodegradable, volatile in open environments
Bioaccumulative Potential: Moderate (log Pow 2.2), low but possible in aquatic species
Mobility in Soil: Low-to-moderate mobility, risk of groundwater contamination at spill sites
Other Adverse Effects: Toxic to some microbes, can alter aquatic chemistry, ozone formation potential with atmospheric release
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose through licensed hazardous waste contractor
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse, then send to waste handler or incinerate
Disposal Precautions: Never dump into drains, surface water, ordinary waste streams
Regulatory Position: Classified as hazardous waste under RCRA, special incineration or stabilization required
Recommendations: Label waste for “Flammable, Toxic” content, follow all local, state, and federal disposal guidance
UN Number: UN 1112
Proper Shipping Name: Amyl nitrites
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid), 6.1 (Toxic substance)
Packing Group: II
Label: Flammable liquid, Toxic
Special Precautions: Use only DOT-approved containers, segregate from food and oxidizers, emergency response information must accompany shipment
Required Documentation: Include Safety Data Sheet and Emergency Guide Number on all consignments
OSHA: Hazardous substance, handle in compliance with Chemical Hygiene Plan, labeling required under HCS
EPA: Listed under Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), regulated as hazardous waste
DOT: Regulated for domestic and international transportation, follow hazardous material regulations
EU Classification: R11 (Highly flammable), R23/24/25 (Toxic by inhalation, skin contact, swallowing), S45 (Seek immediate medical advice)
Other Regulations: SARA Title III, Section 313 listed; business users must track inventories; employer training mandatory. Keep up with state and local variations beyond federal requirements
