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Chemical Name: Mannitol Hexanitrate
Common Names: Nitromannite
Appearance: White crystalline solid, usually supplied wet with at least 40% water or a mixture with ethanol for stability
Uses: Active ingredient in explosives and propellant formulations, rare use in pharmaceuticals due to reactivity and sensitivity
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Limited in water, more in ethanol-water mixtures
Molecular Formula: C6H8(ONO2)6
Main Risks: Sensitive to impact, shock, friction, and heat—serious risk of detonation, even at moderate force levels
Health Hazards: Toxic on inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact; can cause severe headaches, dizziness, and drop in blood pressure, due to nitrate effects on human physiology
Environmental Dangers: Threat to aquatic life, especially if released in quantity to waterways
Label Symbols: Explosive, Toxic, Environmentally Hazardous
Main Ingredient: Mannitol Hexanitrate, purity usually above 60% in the solid state
Stabilizing Agents: Water or a mixture of water and ethanol at not less than 40% by mass, included to reduce risk of accidental detonation during handling and transport
Impurities: Possible trace organonitrates, unreacted mannitol, production residuals
Inhalation: Immediately move to fresh air; watch for severe headache, dizziness, drop in blood pressure; seek medical help without delay
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth; get emergency assistance
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and running water; remove any contaminated clothing to prevent prolonged exposure
Eye Contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; hold eyelids open while rinsing; access medical care swiftly
General Note: Anyone handling this chemical should keep emergency wash stations nearby and understand the signs of nitrate poisoning
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use large amounts of water spray from a safe distance; avoid dry chemical extinguishers or sand as material may detonate
Special Hazards: Fire around this compound can cause violent explosions and toxic fume release, including nitrogen oxides
Protective Gear: Full face shield, flame-resistant clothing, self-contained breathing apparatus are essential for responders
Evacuation: Evacuate surrounding area, keep personnel a safe distance upwind
Personal Precautions: Prohibit sparks, open flames, and all ignition sources; only trained personnel should attempt cleanup
Containment: Isolate the area; stop the leak at the source if it’s safe to do so
Cleanup: Use non-sparking tools; gently collect spilled crystals with damp, non-metallic equipment; store recovered material in water-filled containers for disposal
Environmental Response: Block discharge to drains; notify authorities if release impacts soil or water
Safe Handling: Work only in explosion-proof, well-ventilated spaces; avoid friction, shock, and heat during all operations
Storage Conditions: Keep in cool, secure magazines, away from direct sunlight and incompatible chemicals; maintain product wet at all times
Separation: Never store near acids, reducing agents, or easily oxidized materials
Container Care: Use only approved, labelled, non-metal containers to prevent accidental initiation
Engineering Controls: Explosion-proof ventilation, anti-static flooring, strict access controls, and continuous air quality monitoring limit exposure dangers
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Use chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or PVC), full-length lab coats or coveralls, boots, and eye/face protection at all times
Respiratory Protection: Wear filtered respirators rated for organic and nitrate fumes if airborne concentrations approach safe limits
Hygiene Measures: Remove and wash contaminated clothing immediately; avoid eating, drinking, or smoking where chemical is handled
Physical State: Moist crystalline solid
Color and Odor: White, odorless crystals
Melting Point: Decomposes at temperatures above 109°C if dry
Boiling Point: Not applicable—explosive decomposition occurs before boiling
Solubility: Low in pure water, higher in water-ethanol mixtures
Vapor Pressure: Negligible under normal cooling and wet conditions
Density: Approximately 1.7 to 1.8 g/cm³
Chemical Stability: Stable only when supplied moist; dry product is dangerously sensitive
Reactivity: Strong oxidizer; reacts violently with reducing agents, organic materials, acids, or bases
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, toxic fumes upon combustion or decomposition
Incompatible Materials: Acids, alkalis, powdered metals, combustibles, strong reducing agents
Acute Effects: Uptake by skin, ingestion, or inhalation leads to rapid onset headache, dizziness, nausea, low blood pressure due to vasodilation and methemoglobinemia
Chronic Exposure: Prolonged low-level contact may affect blood and cardiovascular health; repeated exposure links to anemia and sensitivity to nitrates
Carcinogenicity: No direct evidence found, but chronic nitrosamine exposure (byproduct) can increase cancer risk
Sensitization: Skin and respiratory system irritation is possible; dermatitis risk with frequent contact
Environmental Fate: Leaching into soil may release nitrates, promoting eutrophication or affecting water organisms
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely, but breakdown products in water environments remain toxic to aquatic life
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and invertebrates, especially in small water bodies
Persistence: Disperses in water, but nitrate residues can persist in soil and groundwater
Destruction Method: Only properly licensed hazardous waste handlers can destroy waste materials; common methods include water-immersion neutralization and controlled incineration by certified explosive disposal teams
Container Disposal: Decontaminate containers by thorough rinsing with water; container remains explosive until certified clean
Landfill: Not permitted; forbidden to discharge into sewers and natural waters
Classification: Regarded as a Division 1.1 Explosive for transport purposes
Packaging: Only transport in wet state using UN-approved containers for explosives with water/ethanol
Labelling: Mark as “Explosive,” “Keep Away from Fire and Heat,” “Handle with Care”
Special Precautions: Route planning, prohibiting public transit, and police or military escort often required due to risk to public safety
Governing Bodies: Controlled under local and international explosive materials laws, including United Nations explosives regulations and national hazardous substances acts
Limits: Strict licensing for manufacture, handling, storage, and transport; periodic safety inspections and record-keeping are mandatory
Worker Protection: Worker exposure limits for nitrates and strict training requirements apply; facilities must meet explosive material storage and handling standards
Reporting: Immediate notification needed for accidental releases or loss, and compliance checks by occupational safety authorities required on a frequent basis
