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Lornoxicam: A Deep Dive into Its Journey, Features, and Future

Historical Development of Lornoxicam

Scientists began investigating oxicam derivatives in the late 1970s, searching for pain relief medicines that could offer potent anti-inflammatory effects without the harsh stomach symptoms seen with some other drugs. Lornoxicam emerged from years of chemical tweaking, driven by the need for shorter-acting, but equally effective, options than the traditional long-acting NSAIDs. Researchers at Nycomed, a Danish pharmaceutical company, first brought Lornoxicam to the clinic in the 1990s, motivated by the hope of addressing pain in chronic conditions without causing extensive side effects. Few remember how much persistence early teams showed to fine-tune dosage, check salt formation, and rule out compounds that triggered allergic responses. Today, decades since its first prescription, Lornoxicam still stands as an example of targeted drug design from that bustling era.

Product Overview

Lornoxicam lands on pharmacy shelves as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), tailored for arthritis, osteoarthritis, painful swelling, and even post-operative pain. People who know these aches recognize its value: relief often begins within an hour of swallowing a tablet, and the effect can last throughout most of the workday. Manufacturers produce Lornoxicam in several forms—including tablets, injectable solutions, and powders for reconstitution—giving doctors options to match the needs of elderly patients or those recovering from surgery. Hospitals trust the drug for its consistent strength, aiming to manage moderate to severe pain where paracetamol just falls short.

Physical & Chemical Properties

What sets Lornoxicam apart chemically traces back to its oxicam skeleton—a fused ring system carrying both sulfur and nitrogen atoms. The molecule typically shows up as a yellow crystalline powder, nearly insoluble in water yet soluble in most alcohols and organic solvents. With a molecular formula of C13H10ClN3O4S2 and a molecular weight near 371.8 g/mol, its melting point ranges around 223-227°C. Lornoxicam’s stable structure allows for reliable shelf life at room temperature, so pharmacists rarely worry about potency loss, even after months of storage. In practice, the physical resilience of Lornoxicam holds meaning for frontline clinics in both humid and dry areas, preserving treatment value after shipment to remote clinics.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Drug quality standards demand traceability and thorough identity checks. Lornoxicam products come clearly labeled with manufacturer information, expiration dates, lot numbers for recall safety, and detailed dosing instructions. Boxes warn against taking the drug alongside certain blood thinners or corticosteroids, and emphasize possible stomach risks or allergic reactions. The technical sheet highlights a maximum oral daily dose between 8 mg and 16 mg, depending on severity and patient tolerance. For injectables, plastic and glass vials both line up in cold-storage pharmacy cabinets, with product labels meeting strict regulatory codes in every country they appear. Providers check storage conditions and monitor package integrity, following Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to keep every dose safe.

Preparation Method

Creating Lornoxicam starts in a multi-step process on the lab bench. Synthetic chemists first prepare the 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide intermediate, using acylation methods and direct condensation with suitable acid chlorides. Next, they introduce a chlorine atom at the right spot, tweaking reaction temperatures and solvents to prevent unwanted by-products. Final purification relies on repeated crystallization cycles, sometimes taking hours or days to reach the targeted standard. In actual production plants, large reactors handle batch sizes in the kilogram range, with workers monitoring reaction endpoints by thin-layer chromatography or HPLC. The finished powder must pass stringent chemical purity checks before ever making it into a finished tablet or liquid.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

Research teams still tweak the Lornoxicam molecule, searching for analogues with better solubility, longer half-life, or reduced gastrointestinal effects. Core modifications target the aromatic rings or the thiazine group, but most attempts stick to the core oxicam scaffold to preserve anti-inflammatory action. Typical reactions involve substitution of electron-withdrawing groups, or even efforts at salt formation to aid absorption. Some experimental offshoots focus on pro-drugs—molecules that convert into active Lornoxicam only after passing through the liver, minimizing direct gut exposure. The original synthetic route stands robust, but creative chemists keep exploring, aware that even minor chemical shifts might yield noticeable differences in pain control or side effect profile.

Synonyms & Product Names

People may spot Lornoxicam under a variety of brand names: Xefo, Lornoxican, Lorcam, and Loxicom anchor the lists in European and Asian markets. Pharmacists sometimes record the drug’s scientific name—6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridyl-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1,2-thiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide—when reviewing prescriptions for safety. Synonyms like chloro-pyridyl-thieno-thiazine compound, although less common in daily use, surface in journals and research databases. In hospital pharmacies, the generic packaging assures patients they’re receiving the same molecule, regardless of whether it arrives in blue-labeled or white-labeled boxes.

Safety & Operational Standards

Any pharmaceutical handling Lornoxicam lines up with international safety regulations, from GMP at the factory to Hazard Communication Standards in warehouses. Teams require gloves, lab coats, and protective goggles during synthesis, since powdered Lornoxicam can irritate skin and eyes before formulation. Finished tablets, in contrast, need no special care beyond cool, dry storage and careful stock rotation. Hospitals train nurses on correct dilution for injections, discarding unused solution promptly to prevent bacterial contamination. Surgical wards document every vial, logging batch numbers so recalls move smoothly if problems arise. Doctors run quick health screens for kidney, liver, or stomach concerns before recommending the drug—balancing patient benefit against possible complications. At every step, clear checklists and accountability stop errors from trickling into the medicine cabinet.

Application Area

Doctors reach for Lornoxicam most often during arthritis flare-ups, acute lower back pain, and after orthopedic surgeries. Its flexible dosing attracts specialists managing both inpatients and those checking in for short visits at primary care clinics. Sports medicine clinics use the drug for sprains and blunt trauma, hoping to address swelling before it hinders recovery. Outside standard pain settings, research has explored Lornoxicam for dental surgery, migraine episodes, and even cancer-related aches where opioids introduce more risk than relief. Veterinarians have tested its utility in larger animals, although most guidelines keep it restricted to humans. As clinical experience deepens, some physicians fine-tune dosages for the elderly or those with multiple medical issues, chasing strong relief with minimal risk.

Research & Development

Lornoxicam’s journey hasn’t stopped with its market launch. Academic labs and pharmaceutical teams keep experimenting, measuring how Lornoxicam stacks up against new generations of NSAIDs like COX-2 inhibitors and biologic therapies. Multicenter trials now gather data on drug interactions, ideal dosing in patients with kidney trouble, and rapid-onset versions for post-surgical pain. Some groups use advanced modeling to predict metabolic pathways, picturing in detail the enzyme systems that process Lornoxicam inside the liver. There’s also a renewed focus on personalized dosing—tools that tailor amounts based on genetic markers or previous allergic reactions. Papers in recent years highlight combination pills, pairing Lornoxicam with stomach-protective medicines, recognizing the difficult balance between pain relief and safety. I’ve noticed that academic conferences encourage discussions beyond sales and patents, drilling into basic science, risk-benefit analysis, and even global access for underserved populations.

Toxicity Research

Toxicity studies on Lornoxicam go deep, covering everything from standard animal models to long-term patient monitoring. Early preclinical trials measured lethal dose estimates in rodents, flagging the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and kidney strain at much higher levels than seen in real treatments. Human safety data detail the most common side effects—nausea, ulcers, sometimes headache or skin rashes—but put serious complications at below 1% for well-screened patients. Researchers track liver enzyme changes and blood pressure spikes, helping family doctors spot warning signs before they escalate. Meta-analyses continue to compare Lornoxicam’s risk profile with ibuprofen, diclofenac, and meloxicam, pushing for more refined guidelines on who should start or skip certain NSAIDs. The real-world lesson hits home: clear communication about individual risk factors, especially history of ulcers, makes a real difference in patient safety.

Future Prospects

The outlook for Lornoxicam depends on smart development as much as historical success. Next-generation formulations may include orally disintegrating tablets for patients who have trouble swallowing, and combination packs with other painkillers to address multi-symptom cases. Pharmaceutical innovation could bring slow-release patches or gels, helping patients stick with therapy while sidestepping pill fatigue or harsh stomach effects. Advanced analytics, linking electronic health records to adverse event databases, promise smarter, safer prescribing. There’s also interest in minimizing Lornoxicam’s environmental footprint—manufacturers experiment with greener synthesis routes and waste reduction, recognizing the broader picture of pharmaceutical responsibility. Groups advocating for better chronic pain care keep Lornoxicam in their toolkit, hoping to offer relief without tipping patients into opioid dependence or costly hospital stays. Looking at the next horizon, I see a need for open data on real-world use, along with honest conversations about pain—pushing patient experience to the center, one prescription at a time.




What is Lornoxicam used for?

Pain Relief with More Than Just a Pill

Pain management takes many forms, from physical therapy to surgery. Still, a lot of folks rely on medication to get through everyday discomfort and inflammation. In the world of painkillers, Lornoxicam deals with more than aches — it helps people address inflammation, swelling, and ongoing pain that can drag on for weeks.

What Does Lornoxicam Do?

Lornoxicam works as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, which means it tackles two problems at once: pain and inflammation. It blocks certain enzymes — cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 — that produce substances responsible for swelling and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis top the list of conditions where doctors reach for this drug. It's chosen when folks need more than some acetaminophen or ibuprofen but aren’t ready for steroids or opioids.

People usually get Lornoxicam as a tablet or sometimes as an injection in hospitals when they can’t take pills. I've seen patients who’ve spent months dealing with chronic joint pain finally find some steady ground once they added Lornoxicam to their routines.

Why Lornoxicam Matters in Daily Life

Living with chronic pain doesn’t just mean giving up on hobbies; it can disrupt sleep, make simple chores harder, and leave people irritable. Lornoxicam works to take the edge off. By reducing swelling and joint stiffness, it helps people get moving again. I’ve spoken with folks who finally managed to walk their dogs without grimacing every step.

Some research backs up these stories. For example, an article in the journal "Drugs" highlighted Lornoxicam’s effectiveness in both short-term injury pain and long-term arthritis. Compared to older NSAIDs, Lornoxicam tends to act faster and clears from the body sooner, which matters to patients trying to avoid lingering side effects.

Weighing Benefits and Side Effects

Lornoxicam comes with warnings, especially for people with ulcers, heart issues, or kidney disease. Like many NSAIDs, it can trigger stomach pain, acid reflux, or — worst case — cause stomach bleeding. Doctors keep a close eye on those with a history of gut problems or who need high doses for long periods.

Most of the people I've seen do just fine on low doses, especially if they take it with food or use a protective medication like a proton pump inhibitor. But nobody should self-prescribe. I have seen too many cases where folks ignored advice and wound up rushing to the ER with stomach trouble.

Better Approaches to Pain

Lornoxicam alone won’t solve pain problems. Doctors often suggest combining the medicine with physical therapy and gentle stretching, or sometimes acupuncture. Limiting alcohol, quitting smoking, and keeping a healthy weight can lessen the risk of side effects. Reporting side effects right away lets the medical team adjust treatment before major issues pop up.

More research is still turning up about the safest dose and who benefits most. The point isn’t to chase comfort at the cost of safety; it’s to help people actually live their lives. With the right guidance, Lornoxicam gives patients a tool to take charge of painful conditions instead of letting pain make every decision.

What are the side effects of Lornoxicam?

Understanding the Risks Behind Pain Relief

Lornoxicam shows up in many prescriptions meant to tackle pain and swelling. People dealing with issues like arthritis or back pain often turn to it for relief, especially if over-the-counter options just don’t cut it. Lornoxicam belongs to the NSAID group—nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—which covers common names such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Though this family of drugs does a good job at reducing pain, it doesn’t come without drawbacks.

Common Reactions—Not Just a List, But Reality

The most common side effects bother a lot more than a textbook describes. Stomach pain, digestive trouble, diarrhea, and nausea become regular visitors for many. A neighbor of mine relied on lornoxicam after a sports injury. Within two weeks, he started passing stools that looked almost black and sticky. Blood in the digestive tract is not something to ignore. This experience lines up with what clinical studies show: NSAIDs, including lornoxicam, raise the risk of bleeding in the gut, ulcers, and even perforation. The chance doesn’t disappear if you are young—the older you get, the bigger the risk grows.

What About the Liver, Kidneys, and Heart?

Few people realize that NSAIDs can hit more than just the stomach. Lornoxicam can affect the liver and kidneys, sometimes showing up as yellowing skin or dark urine. Blood tests may reveal strange results even before you feel ill. A friend with mild kidney trouble once tried lornoxicam, thinking he was playing it safe. Days later, he noticed swelling and some breathlessness. His doctor ran a blood test—sure enough, his kidney function numbers were out of range. Kidney and liver injuries from this drug don’t only hit those with existing problems; even a healthy person can have trouble, although it’s less common.

Heart issues are another area worth a mention. NSAIDs, especially with long-term use, can crank up blood pressure and boost the chance of a heart attack or stroke. The FDA has clear warnings on the subject. My own father took naproxen for years before his doctor flagged regular NSAID use as a risk factor for his high blood pressure. Lornoxicam works in a similar way and can carry similar warnings. Studies published in journals such as "Arthritis & Rheumatology" mention this risk repeatedly. Anyone with a heart condition or high blood pressure should approach lornoxicam with extra caution.

Serious Allergic Reactions—Rare, but Real

Lornoxicam can trigger dramatic reactions—shortness of breath, swelling, or a rash. Allergy to NSAIDs happens suddenly and can land someone in the hospital if not addressed right away. People with asthma, nasal polyps, or a history of allergic reactions to painkillers should talk it over with their doctor before filling a prescription. One case I remember involved a co-worker who developed swelling within an hour; paramedics got involved fast, and she recovered. These events scare families and prove that every drug has risks, even if the paper insert sounds intimidating.

What You Can Do: Practical Approaches

Managing these side effects takes more than reading a label. People who notice persistent stomach trouble or black stools should speak to a doctor as soon as they can. Blood tests might become part of the regular routine, especially for those taking the drug for more than a week. Staying hydrated and avoiding alcohol makes a difference for the liver and kidneys. People with existing health problems or taking blood thinners need to alert their doctor—mixing medications without guidance leads to trouble. The safest approach always comes from teamwork between the patient and a trusted health professional, focusing on honest conversations and personal history.

How should I take Lornoxicam?

What Lornoxicam Does for Pain Relief

Lornoxicam is one of those medicines handed over at pharmacies for pain and swelling. Doctors use it for conditions like arthritis, backaches, or after minor surgeries. The relief comes quickly for many people; pain starts to fade and joints stop feeling as stiff. My uncle, who worked construction for decades, found that Lornoxicam helped him make it through his shifts after he injured his knee.

How to Use It Right

Pills don’t solve problems if they’re not taken right. Lornoxicam tablets usually go down with a glass of water, best after eating. This helps protect the stomach—many people, including me, end up with stomach aches or heartburn when skipping breakfast and popping a strong painkiller. Never chew or crush them; always swallow whole unless your doctor says differently.

Doctors decide the dose based on pain and age. For most adults, it’s once or twice daily. Following directions on that prescription paper matters. My cousin misunderstood the label once and doubled up—he ended up calling his doctor with ringing in his ears and bad nausea. Stick to doctor’s orders to avoid trouble.

Watch for Side Effects

Lornoxicam takes pain away, but no pill is all benefit and no risk. Stomach upset and acid reflux stand out as common annoyances. Some folks run into rashes or swelling. Long-term use or heavy doses can harm the stomach lining, even lead to ulcers or bleeding. An elderly neighbor of mine landed in the hospital from stomach bleeding after months on strong NSAIDs. Black stools or puking blood are warning signs to get checked fast.

Lornoxicam can mess with the kidneys, especially if you already have high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney issues. Headaches, high blood pressure, and liver number changes show up on blood tests. Doctors like to check labs if you need this med often or for a long haul. People with asthma want to watch out—pain meds sometimes tighten airways. Anyone allergic to similar drugs, like aspirin or ibuprofen, should tell their doctor first.

Mixing with Other Medicines Matters

Mixing medicines can go sideways quick. Lornoxicam doesn’t play nice with blood thinners like warfarin, some antidepressants, or certain blood pressure pills. You can end up with more bleeding or blood pressure swings. Last year, one of my colleagues landed in the ER from stomach bleeding after mixing his painkiller with a blood thinner. Every new drug should mean a review with your primary doctor or pharmacist.

Smart Steps for Safe Use

Some habits keep aches under control and side effects at bay. Use the lowest dose that keeps you moving. Don’t keep the pill bottle in the bathroom, where moisture breaks down tablets; use a dry, cool cabinet. Full stomach equals less nausea. Lay off the booze—it can make stomach problems worse and mess with your liver. Pregnant or breastfeeding women need to check with their doctor, not self-medicate.

Ask for Advice—Don’t Google for Answers Alone

Doctors and pharmacists offer real guidance; a website can’t hear your story or see your test results. I’ve seen too many people trust summer internet trends and skip real help, then wind up in worse pain. Always bring up questions or concerns before making changes, especially for medicines that work hard in the body like Lornoxicam.

Making Pain Relief Work for You

Pain management shouldn’t feel like a shot in the dark. Safe use means knowing your own health story, sticking to professional advice, watching for trouble, and balancing medicine with rest and smart habits. Lornoxicam helps many, but it works best when you let experience and knowledge guide each step.

Is Lornoxicam safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

Lornoxicam and Its Uses

Lornoxicam helps tackle pain and swelling caused by conditions like arthritis, muscle injuries, and surgery. It belongs to the NSAID family—drugs often used for pain relief all over the world. Many people have leaned on these medicines for daily relief, but their use during pregnancy or breastfeeding always triggers big questions. I remember watching new mothers at a pharmacy counter, holding their prescriptions, worried about the safety of every medicine.

Risks and Uncertainties in Pregnancy

Doctors know this drug can cross the placenta. Animal studies show a link with fetal problems, especially in late pregnancy. Human data remains scarce, but the risks seem real enough. NSAIDs can increase the chances of miscarriage if taken in early pregnancy. They might also cause heart or kidney troubles for the fetus when taken during the third trimester. I have spoken with rheumatology patients who learned the hard way: some drugs, even familiar ones, don’t play nicely during those nine months. The FDA lists lornoxicam’s cousins—like ibuprofen—under “use with caution” categories for pregnant women. This kind of warning signals a red flag. Obstetricians often suggest safer alternatives such as paracetamol to minimize potential harm. Ignoring such advice can lead to complications for both parent and child.

Safety While Breastfeeding

Lornoxicam passes into breast milk, though in small amounts. Reliable studies on breastfeeding outcomes remain thin on the ground. Researchers have not reported clear adverse events in infants so far, but the unknowns leave parents concerned. As a pharmacist, I’ve fielded endless questions from breastfeeding mothers about how much drug transfers to milk and affects babies. Without hard proof, most believe in erring on the side of caution. Experts tend to stick with older NSAIDs like ibuprofen, where more long-term data supports safety. Risk increases with higher drug doses or if the baby is premature or unwell, so individual decisions matter.

Why Informed Choices Matter

Both pregnancy and breastfeeding come with plenty of stress already. Medicine choices shouldn’t add more confusion, but the lack of solid human studies for newer drugs like lornoxicam puts families on edge. Parents deserve clear, honest information. Healthcare providers who talk through pros and cons—sharing data, stories, and practical advice—help families feel confident in tough moments. It’s impossible to predict every reaction, but open conversations keep families safer.

Better Solutions for Pain Relief

People dealing with chronic pain or inflammation need choices that protect both them and their children. Paracetamol stands as a first-line painkiller for pregnancy and breastfeeding because time and evidence back its safety record. If pain control needs more than paracetamol, talking with a doctor makes all the difference. Patients sometimes believe over-the-counter status means full safety, but it rarely works that simply—especially for pregnant or breastfeeding people. Alternative therapies such as gentle exercise, heat patches, or guided physical therapy sessions can add extra help without the risks linked to certain drugs.

What’s Worth Remembering

Every parent weighs risk and benefit differently, facing unique circumstances. Lornoxicam may help with pain, yet expert bodies urge people to avoid it during pregnancy and to use extreme care during lactation. Facts, clinical experience, and empathy guide safer, stronger decisions for families.

Can Lornoxicam be taken with other medications?

Lornoxicam and Its Everyday Use

Lornoxicam, used for pain and inflammation, finds a spot in the medicine cabinets of people dealing with arthritis, back pain, or after surgery aches. Folks use it much like ibuprofen—hoping for less swelling, easier movement. But anyone who takes several prescriptions daily might wonder about stacking pills and risk.

Drug Interactions Aren't Rare

Mixing medications doesn’t always invite trouble, but it sure raises questions. Lornoxicam belongs to the NSAID family, famous for both pain relief and stomach upsets. NSAIDs work by blocking substances that trigger pain and swelling, but they sometimes nudge other processes too. Combine that with another drug working on the same system, or processed by the same liver enzymes, and things can get complicated.

Blood Pressure and Blood Thinners

Blood pressure medications, like ACE inhibitors and diuretics, often fill pharmacy bags of older adults—some needing them daily. Lornoxicam can dull the effect of these pressure-lowering pills, putting people at risk for higher numbers. Heart disease and stroke risks rise if control slips. Blood thinners, like warfarin, draw other concerns. NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining, and toss in a blood thinner, the odds of a bad bleed shoot up. GI bleeding often hides at first, but can turn dangerous fast.

Stomach Concerns

My neighbor once needed pain relief after knee replacement. She mixed a prescription stomach guard (a proton pump inhibitor) with her NSAID, because her doctor warned her about ulcers. Proton pump inhibitors lower acid, helping shield sensitive stomachs. But only a healthcare professional can judge if this combo makes sense. Many patients over sixty, or those with a history of stomach trouble, need careful watch.

Other Pain Relievers

Some folks reach for paracetamol or acetaminophen alongside lornoxicam for extra pain relief. On its own, acetaminophen skips the stomach irritation but too much can harm the liver. Mixing different kinds of painkillers happens in clinics all the time, as long as the totals get tracked. Never double up on two NSAIDs, though—risks stack up with no extra benefit.

Kidney Strain

Anyone with kidney trouble faces tricky waters with NSAIDs like lornoxicam. People taking heart medications or diuretics put extra stress on kidneys, so adding more pills can damage delicate filters. Health Canada and the FDA have both put out warnings about this cocktail causing kidney failure in the wrong hands.

Clear Communication

Doctors check on all medications—prescription, over-the-counter, and even herbal remedies—before adding lornoxicam to the mix. My pharmacist friend says honest medication lists save lives, especially for older adults taking six or seven different drugs a day. Pharmacies use software that flags risky combinations, but those only work with a complete list.

Smart Strategies

Keeping side effects at bay starts with asking the right questions and sharing full info with physicians. Get bloodwork done as a routine, especially if taking drugs for the heart, blood, or kidneys. If stomach pain pops up or unexplained bruising shows, seek help fast. Medicine can lighten pain and return freedom to daily life—but only with awareness and teamwork.

Lornoxicam
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2H-thieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide
Other names Chlortenoxicam
Xefo
LNX
Lornoxicamum
Pronunciation /ˌlɔːrˈnɒksɪkæm/
Identifiers
CAS Number 70374-39-9
3D model (JSmol) `3D model (JSmol)` string for **Lornoxicam**: ``` c1cc(sc1)Nc2nc(nc(=O)n2C)C(=O)c3ccc(c(c3)Cl)O ```
Beilstein Reference 3587322
ChEBI CHEBI:6499
ChEMBL CHEMBL1212
ChemSpider 3881
DrugBank DB06725
ECHA InfoCard 100.210.195
EC Number EC 1.14.99.64
Gmelin Reference Gmelin 83270
KEGG D08102
MeSH D000077122
PubChem CID 54682994
RTECS number OG6182000
UNII 43PJ0K4TJB
UN number UN2811
Properties
Chemical formula C13H10ClN3O4S2
Molar mass 371.770 g/mol
Appearance Yellow crystalline powder
Odor Odorless
Density 1.62 g/cm³
Solubility in water Practically insoluble
log P 1.7
Vapor pressure 3.9E-12 mmHg
Acidity (pKa) 4.7
Basicity (pKb) 7.2
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -7.8e-6
Refractive index (nD) 1.675
Dipole moment 4.34 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 309.7 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -321.7 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -1732 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code M01AC05
Hazards
Main hazards May cause gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, renal impairment, hypersensitivity reactions, and increased risk of cardiovascular events.
GHS labelling GHS05, GHS07
Pictograms GI bleeding, Renal impairment, Asthma, Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment, Elderly
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements Hazard statements: Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation.
Precautionary statements P102 Keep out of reach of children. P103 Read label before use.
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1/2/0/0
Flash point 210.7 °C
Autoignition temperature Autoignition temperature: 400°C
Lethal dose or concentration LD50 (oral, rat): 185 mg/kg
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose): 50 mg/kg (oral, rat)
NIOSH DB06737
PEL (Permissible) 10 mg/day
REL (Recommended) 8 mg daily
IDLH (Immediate danger) Not listed
Related compounds
Related compounds Piroxicam
Tenoxicam
Isoxicam
Droxicam