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Name: Linezolid
Chemical Formula: C16H20FN3O4
CAS Number: 165800-03-3
Common Uses: Treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria such as MRSA and VRE
Physical Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Freely soluble in water and dimethyl sulfoxide
Health Hazards: Prolonged or repeated exposure can cause hematological effects, such as thrombocytopenia or anemia. May lead to CNS effects including headache, insomnia, dizziness. Some individuals report gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Rare but possible risk of serotonin syndrome especially when combined with serotonergic drugs.
Environmental Hazards: Potential to contaminate waterways, risks to aquatic organisms not fully understood. Controlling laboratory or production discharges remains important.
Fire/Explosion Hazards: Dust from dry powder can become airborne and may pose a minor explosive risk.
Main Ingredient: Linezolid (purity typically >98%)
Other Constituents: Minor impurities related to the synthesis process, generally less than 2%
No significant additional active or excipient components in the raw material form
Inhalation: Remove source of exposure, move to fresh air, seek medical attention for symptoms like cough, dizziness, or respiratory distress.
Skin Contact: Rinse skin thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with clean running water for at least fifteen minutes. Get medical help for persistent irritation.
Ingestion: Seek prompt medical support if a significant amount is swallowed. Monitor for symptoms related to overdose, including nausea, vomiting, and changes in blood counts.
Extinguishing Media: Use CO2, dry chemical, or foam. Water spray may cool surfaces but should be applied carefully.
Fire-Fighting Precautions: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gear. Avoid inhaling combustion products, as such incidents could produce toxic fumes.
Special Hazards: Combustion or decomposition may release toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides, hydrogen fluoride, and carbon monoxide.
Personal Protection: Use disposable gloves, laboratory coats, and safety goggles. Respiratory protection in dust-prone environments.
Spill Containment: Avoid raising dust. Sweep up gently, collect in labeled containers, and vent closed spaces.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, sewers, or waterways to reduce the risk of pharmaceutical pollution.
Cleanup Methods: Dampen powders to minimize dust during collection and use a HEPA-filtered vacuum for small spills.
Precautions: Work in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust. Avoid prolonged, repeated direct contact. Wash hands after handling.
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers, away from light and sources of heat or ignition. Keep at controlled room temperature, avoiding excessive humidity.
Segregation: Separate from reactive chemicals such as strong oxidizers.
Engineering Controls: Employ local exhaust or fume hoods to reduce airborne dust.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment): Laboratory jackets, safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves. Respiratory protection if dust becomes detectable.
Hygiene Measures: Do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling areas. Routinely wash hands and face.
Appearance: White to off-white solid
Molecular Weight: 337.35 g/mol
Melting Point: Approximately 176°C
Boiling Point: Not volatile at ambient pressure
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, methanol, DMSO
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Partition Coefficient: LogP approximately -0.4
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal laboratory or pharmacy conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, direct sunlight, prolonged exposure to air (oxidation risk)
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, toxic organic fumes
Short-Term Exposure: Nausea, headache, gastrointestinal upset
Long-Term Exposure: Blood dyscrasias like thrombocytopenia, neuropathy in rare cases, risk of serotonin syndrome
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, dermal and ocular
Target Organs: Hematopoietic system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: No evidence of carcinogenic risk from therapeutic exposures, negative in standard tests for mutagenicity
Mobility: Soluble in water; likely to disperse in aquatic systems
Persistence/Degradability: Information about environmental breakdown remains limited; pharmaceuticals sometimes persist in the environment
Bioaccumulation: Potential to concentrate in aquatic organisms not fully understood
Aquatic Toxicity: Direct effects on aquatic bacteria and lower food chain possible; more data needed on chronic exposure results
Waste Handling: Dispose of solid waste through incineration or by approved chemical waste disposal contractors, never via drain
Container Disposal: Rinse thoroughly before recycling or discarding per local environmental regulations
Avoid unauthorized release into the environment
Classification: Not regulated as a dangerous good by road, air, or sea in most jurisdictions
Precautions: Shipped in sealed, clearly labeled containers; maintain integrity during transit
Accident Measures: Spills during transport require containment and notification of authorities to limit environmental impact
Regulation: Controlled for pharmaceutical use by drug regulatory authorities
Occupational Exposure Limits: Not established in most jurisdictions
Additional Control: Laboratories, pharmacies, and manufacturers follow current good manufacturing and laboratory practices, including environmental and safety laws governing pharmaceutical handling
