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Product Name: Levodopa
Synonyms: L-Dopa, 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine
Chemical Formula: C9H11NO4
Molecular Weight: 197.19 g/mol
CAS Number: 59-92-7
Recommended Use: Pharmaceutical intermediate, treatment of Parkinson's disease
Company Identification: Pharmaceutical manufacturers, distributors handling controlled medicines
Emergency Phone Number: Local poison control centers and company emergency contact
Classification: Not classified as hazardous according to GHS; long-term exposure risks exist
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Health Hazards: May cause irritation to the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes; ingestion can trigger nausea, vomiting, abnormal involuntary movements, and arrhythmias in sensitive individuals
Acute Effects: Headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting
Chronic Effects: Long-term use can cause dyskinesia, psychiatric symptoms, or cardiac issues
Label Elements: Warning sign for irritant, precautionary medical statement
Substance: Pure Levodopa
Content: More than 98% by weight
Impurities: Minor trace organic substances from synthesis
Other Additives: None reported in pure API form
Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention for continued symptoms such as coughing, respiratory discomfort, or dizziness
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse the affected skin thoroughly with water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes; seek help for persistent irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with clean, lukewarm water for 10–15 minutes while holding eyelids apart; consult an ophthalmologist for further evaluation if discomfort continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly with water if conscious; do not induce vomiting, seek medical attention without delay; symptoms require monitoring in a clinical setting
Medical Attention: Physicians should monitor for neurological and cardiac symptoms, especially in patients with pre-existing disorders
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide
Special Hazards: Combustion may produce hazardous fumes including nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides
Protective Equipment: Firefighters must use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Firefighting Precautions: Prevent runoff from entering drains and watercourses; isolate scene to protect from possible explosions or chemical releases
Thermal Decomposition: At elevated temperatures, may break down into toxic gases
Personal Precautions: Avoid contact with skin and eyes; ensure adequate ventilation; utilize PPE including gloves, goggles, dust mask
Environmental Precautions: Levodopa can cause harm to aquatic life in concentrated spills; prevent material from reaching soil, waterways, or drainage systems
Cleanup Methods: Sweep up carefully while avoiding dust generation; place residues in a sealed, labeled waste container for disposal according to regulations
Decontamination: Clean spill area with water and mild detergent after removal of bulk powder to prevent trace contamination
Safe Handling Advice: Avoid inhalation of dust or direct contact; use with appropriate PPE and engineering controls
Storage Conditions: Store in airtight containers, protected from light, kept between 15 and 30°C; guard from moisture and incompatible substances
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, alkalis can increase degradation or cause hazardous reactions
Container Requirements: Use original or approved containers, clearly labeled, sealed, and stored away from food or beverages
Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering measures to control airborne levels below recommended limits
Personal Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety glasses with side-shields, lab coat, and dust mask or NIOSH-approved respirator
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before breaks, after handling, and at end of shift; do not eat, drink, or smoke while working
Occupational Exposure Limits: No OSHA PELs or ACGIH TLVs yet established for Levodopa, but minimize exposure in line with best laboratory practice
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
pH: 3.1–4.0 (saturated solution in water)
Melting Point: Approx. 283–285°C (with decomposition)
Solubility: Soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol, practically insoluble in chloroform
Boiling Point: Data not available; decomposes before boiling
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable (non-volatile solid)
Density: 1.5–1.6 g/cm³
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): –2.39 (low potential for bioaccumulation)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; sensitive to air, light, and moisture
Reactivity: Can react with strong oxidizing agents; may degrade in alkaline or acidic environments
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition
Polymerization: Does not polymerize under normal handling
Storage Incompatibilities: Avoid contact with iron, copper, and their alloys, which can catalyze degradation
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): >5000 mg/kg; low acute toxicity but large doses may cause severe nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias
Chronic Toxicity: Long-term use in humans linked to motor complications and psychiatric symptoms
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, OSHA as carcinogenic
Mutagenicity: Not found to be mutagenic in standard laboratory tests
Reproductive Effects: Embryotoxic effects reported in animal studies at high doses; caution advised for use during pregnancy
Sensitization: Rare cases of skin sensitization observed
Target Organs: Central nervous system, cardiovascular system
Ecotoxicity: Potential hazard to aquatic organisms at high concentrations; limited data available
Persistence and Degradability: Degrades slowly under typical environmental conditions; breakdown accelerated by microbial activity
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low log Pow value suggests low risk for biomagnification
Mobility in Soil: Levodopa is water-soluble and can leach through soil to reach aquifers
Other Adverse Effects: Large-scale pharmaceutical pollution could lead to behavioral effects in aquatic wildlife
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose according to local, state, and national regulations for hazardous organic chemicals
Contaminated Packaging: Empty packaging can still be hazardous; must be triple-rinsed and disposed of through licensed chemical waste services
Special Guidelines: Incineration recommended for bulk waste; do not release into natural water systems
Reuse and Recycling: Not advised for pharmaceutical API containers due to risk of cross-contamination
UN Number: Not regulated as a hazardous material for transport by road, air, or sea
Proper Shipping Name: Levodopa, pharmaceutical preparation
Transport Hazard Class: Not classified
Packing Group: Not applicable
Environmental Hazards: Avoid accidental spillage; prevent discharge to water bodies during transit
Special Precautions: Transport in tightly sealed containers, kept away from sources of heat, light, and incompatible substances
Global Inventory Listings: Listed in various pharmacopeias (USP, EP, JP), not a controlled substance under standard chemical regulations
OSHA Status: Not specifically regulated
TSCA Status: Exempt as a pharmaceutical active ingredient
WHMIS Classification: Non-controlled product in Canada
REACH Status: Registered substance under normal quantities for pharmaceutical use
Labelling Requirements: Comply with local labeling rules for hazardous ingredients, even for clinical or laboratory quantities
Other Regulations: Handle according to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and pharmaceutical workplace safety guidelines
