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Product Name: Levamisole Hydrochloride
Chemical Name: (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride
Common Synonyms: Levamisolum hydrochloridum, Ketrax, Ordan, Ergomisole
CAS Number: 16595-80-5
Molecular Formula: C11H12N2S·HCl
Product Use: Veterinary antihelminthic, discontinued in human medicine in many countries
Manufacturer/Supplier Name: Available from most chemical suppliers
Emergency Contact: Refer to local poison control and emergency services for chemical exposures
Hazard Class: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), eye irritation, skin sensitization, and specific organ toxicity (single and repeated exposure)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, may cause skin or eye irritation, suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child, may cause damage to blood or immune system through prolonged or repeated exposure
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark, health hazard
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption
Potential Health Effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, leukopenia, vasculitis, skin necrosis (at high doses or with chronic exposure)
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, wash thoroughly after handling, wear protective gloves, avoid release into the environment
Substance: Levamisole Hydrochloride
Chemical Formula: C11H12N2S·HCl
Purity: 98-100% (typical for laboratory or pharmaceutical grade)
Impurities: Less than 2%, can include structurally related imidazothiazole derivatives
Other Components: No hazardous stabilizers or additives identified in standard formulations
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water, occasionally lifting eyelids; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin thoroughly with soap and water, obtain medical attention for symptoms or irritation
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, contact a physician for persistent symptoms
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel, monitor for symptoms of toxicity and obtain medical support
Notes for Physician: Treat symptoms; monitoring for agranulocytosis, leukopenia, or convulsions may be required
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam
Unsuitable Methods: Do not use a strong water jet as it may spread the product
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides, and hydrogen chloride during combustion
Protective Equipment: Firefighters require self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing
Special Precautions: Prevent runoff from entering drains or watercourses; cool fire-exposed containers with water spray
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, goggles, lab coat, and suitable respirator; keep unprotected people away
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release to waterways, drains, and soil; alert local authorities if a significant spill occurs
Methods for Cleaning Up: Sweep up without creating dust, place in labeled containers for disposal; wash spill site with water and detergent
Decontamination: Use soap and water for small residual contamination; collect all contaminated elements for hazardous waste disposal
Handling: Handle in a chemical fume hood, avoid generating airborne dust, ensure containers are tightly closed and clearly labeled, minimize contact with skin and eyes
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, separated from incompatible substances like oxidizers or acids, keep away from moisture and direct sunlight, ensure storage area is secured against unauthorized access
Specific Requirements: Store only in chemical-resistant containers, maintain inventory controls, use with proper labeling and records
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA/ACGIH limits, minimize exposure to dust
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, fume hood, or equivalent safety systems
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, butyl), safety goggles, lab coat or coveralls, NIOSH-approved particulate respirator for high concentrations
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before breaks and after use, do not eat or drink in work areas, immediately change contaminated clothing, ensure eye wash and safety shower stations are accessible
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Odor Threshold: Not determined
pH: Typically 2.5-6.5 (1% aqueous solution)
Melting Point: 226-230°C (with decomposition)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Not applicable
Flammability: Not flammable
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Solubility: Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, practically insoluble in ether
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): Estimated -2.2
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not determined
Explosion Limits: Not applicable
Relative Density: Approx. 1.2 g/cm³
Viscosity: Not applicable
Molecular Weight: 240.75 g/mol (monohydrochloride form)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Exposure to moisture, extreme heat, direct sunlight
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and bases, moisture
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide and dioxide
Polymerization: Does not occur under normal conditions
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 180-250 mg/kg; inhalation and dermal LD50 not extensively documented
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Symptoms of Exposure: Gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, CNS stimulation, leukopenia, vasculitis, skin rash or necrosis
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure linked to agranulocytosis and immunosuppression
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Mutagenicity: Limited evidence of genotoxicity in some assays
Reproductive Toxicity: Suspected reproductive hazard—embryotoxic and teratogenic in animal studies
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
Persistence: Persistence observed in soil and water, breaks down in the environment but not rapidly
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low potential for bioaccumulation due to low log Pow
Soil Mobility: Moderately mobile in soil, some leaching observed under certain conditions
Aquatic Toxicity: Moderate toxicity to fish and invertebrates reported in lab studies
Other Adverse Effects: No ozone depletion, not reported as a greenhouse gas contributor
Waste Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; do not release into sewers or public waterways
Methods of Disposal: Incineration in approved facilities is recommended, or chemical deactivation by licensed chemists
Packaging Disposal: Rinse empty containers thoroughly prior to disposal; contaminated packaging is to be treated as hazardous chemical waste
Special Precautions: Avoid dust formation during disposal procedures; wear recommended PPE throughout
UN Number: Not classified as a hazardous material for transport under UN, IMO, IATA, or ADR/RID regulations
Proper Shipping Name: Not regulated
Transport Hazard Class: Not regulated
Packing Group: Not regulated
Environmental Hazards: Not classified as a marine pollutant
Special Precautions for Transportation: Keep away from food and feedstuffs during transport; avoid moisture and physical damage to packaging
TSCA Status: Listed or regulated in United States under section 8(b); use in food production animals subject to FDA control
EU REACH Status: Subject to regulation for manufacture, import, and use
OSHA Status: Regulated as a hazardous substance in the workplace
WHMIS (Canada): Classified as hazardous under the Hazardous Products Regulation
Other Regulations: Banned or not registered for human use in many countries, subject to veterinary prescription controls
Labeling Requirements: Suppliers required to provide safety data and hazard communication documentation for all professional users
