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Chemical Name: Lead Tetrachloride
Synonyms: Plumbic chloride, Lead(IV) chloride
CAS Number: 13453-70-8
Recommended Use: Laboratory use, chemical synthesis
Manufacturer: Supplier contact information available on label or purchase documentation
Emergency Contact: National Poison Control Center: (insert number), Fire Department: (insert local number)
Hazard Class: Acute Toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal), Carcinogenicity, Reproductive Toxicity
Warning: Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact; highly corrosive to mucous membranes, eyes, and skin; chronic exposure leads to lead poisoning
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Health Effects: Abdominal pain, anemia, nephropathy, neurological effects, developmental toxicity
Environmental Hazards: Toxic to aquatic life and persistent in the environment
Signal Word: Danger
Chemical Formula: PbCl4
Concentration: Lead Tetrachloride: >98% by weight
Impurities: Hydrolysis products (lead dioxide, hydrochloric acid) may be present due to compound instability
Other Components: None reported
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, seek immediate medical attention, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin thoroughly with water for 15 minutes, seek medical care
Eye Contact: Rinse with water for at least 20 minutes, hold eyelids open and move eyes, get immediate medical help
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water, seek urgent medical attention
Important Notes: Ensure medical responders understand risk of lead toxicity, delayed symptoms likely, monitor for neurotoxic and renal effects
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, foam; water spray for cooling contaminated surfaces
Specific Hazards Arising from Chemical: Releases corrosive and toxic fumes including hydrogen chloride, chlorine gas, lead compounds when heated or during fire
Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective suit
Fire Fighting Instructions: Isolate area, control run-off to prevent environmental contamination, use unmanned hose if safe access not possible
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, provide adequate ventilation, avoid skin/eye/respiratory contact, use personal protective equipment
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from entering drains, sewers, or waterways, report large releases to local authorities for remediation
Cleanup Methods: Use inert absorbents (vermiculite, dry sand), collect in sealable containers for hazardous waste disposal, avoid water contact as hydrolysis produces toxic gases
Handling: Use fume hood, handle with chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, avoid inhaling vapors and direct contact, keep away from incompatible substances (water, bases, strong oxidizers)
Storage: Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers (preferably glass or Teflon-lined), in a cool, well-ventilated, dry location protected from moisture and sunlight, maintain secondary containment
Special Notes: Post hazard signage, restrict access to trained personnel, maintain written inventory and access logs
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 0.05 mg/m3 (as lead); ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood, local exhaust ventilation, and containment devices
Personal Protective Equipment: Impervious gloves (nitrile, neoprene), full-face shield or splash goggles, lab coat or chemical-resistant suit, respiratory protection (half-mask or full-face respirator with P100/acid gas cartridge if vapors exceed limits)
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and exposed areas thoroughly after handling, prohibit eating, drinking, or smoking in use areas, launder contaminated clothing separately
Appearance: Yellow oily liquid
Odor: Pungent, acrid
Boiling Point: Around 114°C (237°F)
Melting Point: -15°C (5°F)
Density: 3.18 g/cm3 at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: 20 mmHg at 20°C
Solubility: Decomposes in water; not practically soluble
Flash Point: Not flammable under standard conditions
Stability in Air: Decomposes rapidly in moist air, releasing HCl and forming lead oxides
Chemical Stability: Unstable in the presence of moisture, air, and at elevated temperatures
Incompatible Materials: Water, alcohols, strong bases, organic materials, reducing agents, ammonia
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Lead oxides, chlorine gas, hydrochloric acid
Reactivity: Hydrolyzes to form lead dioxide and hydrochloric acid, can produce violent reactions with organic materials or reducing agents
Acute Toxicity: Highly toxic, LD50 (oral, rat): 31 mg/kg
Chronic Toxicity: Accumulates in the body with long-term effects on kidneys, central nervous system, and hematopoietic system
Symptoms of Exposure: Irritation of respiratory tract, cough, headache, abdominal pain, kidney damage, convulsions, anemia, reproductive and developmental harm
Carcinogenicity: IARC: Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans), EPA: Probable human carcinogen
Other Effects: Lead compounds impair fertility and fetal development, cause cognitive deficits in children
Additional Information: No safe exposure threshold, strict occupational monitoring recommended
Aquatic Toxicity: Very high toxicity to fish, daphnia, and aquatic plants, bioaccumulates in aquatic organisms
Soil Persistence: Lead compounds remain in soil for decades, toxic to microorganisms and plants
Mobility: Forms insoluble lead salts in water, limited movement in the subsurface, chronic risk to groundwater and food chains
Long-term Risks: Persistent metal pollutant, risk of secondary poisoning in predators and humans through bioaccumulation
Waste Disposal: Treat as hazardous waste according to local, national, and international regulations; incineration not recommended due to volatilization of lead; use approved chemical disposal contractor
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse with suitable solvent (not water), discard as hazardous waste
Precautions: Never pour into drains or natural water sources; collect in tightly sealed containers, label with proper hazard warnings, document disposal process for regulatory compliance
UN Number: UN 2291
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: I (Great danger)
Labels: Toxic, Environmental Hazard
Special Transport Notes: Use only certified carriers, maintain spill and emergency kits, secure upright, avoid vibration and breakage, notify receiving facilities of arrival
ADR/RID: Class 6.1, Toxic substances; IMDG Code: Class 6.1; IATA: Forbidden for passenger aircraft, only allowed on cargo aircraft with special permits
OSHA: Classified as highly hazardous; subject to Process Safety Management (PSM) rules
EPA: Listed under CERCLA and EPCRA, strict reporting requirements apply, identified as a priority pollutant
TSCA Inventory: Listed; production, use, and storage subject to strict review
EU REACH: Lead compounds classified as SVHC (Substance of Very High Concern), restrictions on marketing and use
Other Regulations: Subject to restriction and reporting under Clean Water and Clean Air Acts, included in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, local regulations may impose additional handling and disposal limits.
