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Product Name: Isopropyl Nitrite
Chemical Formula: C3H7NO2
Synonyms: 2-Propylnitrite, Isopropyl Nitrite
CAS Number: 541-42-4
Recommended Use: Solvent, chemical reagent
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GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 2), Acute toxicity—Oral (Category 4), Eye irritation (Category 2A), Specific target organ toxicity—single exposure (Category 3, narcotic effects)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from sparks, heat, and open flames. Wear protective gloves and eye protection. Avoid breathing vapors or fumes. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation mark.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion
Potential Health Effects: Headache, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness. Eye and skin irritation. Breathing concentrations in poorly ventilated spaces may cause unconsciousness or death.
Ingredient: Isopropyl Nitrite
Concentration: 98–100%
Impurities: Stabilizers and trace by-products from synthesis
Molecular Weight: 89.09 g/mol
Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen; if unconscious, seek medical attention at once.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with plenty of water and mild soap. Seek medical attention for persistent irritation.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes carefully with water for at least 15 minutes lifting eyelids occasionally. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Consult a physician.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water. Seek prompt medical care. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Headache, nausea, dizziness, visual disturbances, cyanosis (bluish skin), rapid heartbeat, possible loss of consciousness.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Avoid using water unless necessary to cool containers.
Specific Hazards During Fire: Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to ignition sources. Decomposes on burning, producing toxic nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.
Special Procedures: Cool surrounding containers with water spray to prevent pressure build-up or explosion. Remove containers from fire area if it can be done without risk.
Explosion Sensitivity: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.
Personal Protection: Evacuate the area and provide adequate ventilation. Avoid sources of ignition. Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, sewers, or surface water. Inform authorities if a large spill occurs.
Cleanup Methods: Absorb spill with inert material like sand or vermiculite. Use spark-proof tools. Collect in a suitable container for later safe disposal. Flush the area with water after cleanup, ensuring water does not enter waterways or sewage.
Safe Handling: Ground and bond containers when transferring liquid. Do not breathe vapors or allow contact with eyes, skin, or clothing. Use only where there is adequate ventilation. Keep away from ignition sources.
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed, properly labeled containers, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sunlight and incompatible materials such as acids and oxidizers. Keep containers upright to prevent leakage.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, amines.
Specific Storage Practices: Protect from physical damage. Store away from food and drink. Use flame-proof equipment for transfer and dispensing.
Occupational Exposure Limits: TLV not established; keep exposures as low as reasonably achievable.
Engineering Controls: Use explosion-proof ventilation. Maintain eyewash and safety shower stations nearby.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), splash-proof goggles or face shield, lab coat or aprons, and flame-resistant clothing in large-scale settings.
Respiratory Protection: In cases of insufficient ventilation or airborne concentrations above recommended limits, wear a properly fitted air-purifying respirator.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and exposed skin after handling. No eating, drinking, or smoking during use.
Appearance: Clear, mobile yellow liquid
Odor: Fruity, sweet, somewhat similar to other nitrites
Odor Threshold: Low, highly noticeable
pH: Not applicable (organic liquid)
Melting Point: -93 °C
Boiling Point: 40–45 °C
Flash Point: -12 °C
Evaporation Rate: Rapid due to low boiling point
Flammability: Highly flammable liquid and vapor
Vapor Pressure: 180 mm Hg at 20 °C
Vapor Density: 3.1 (Air = 1)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, highly soluble in organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): Approximately 1.0
Autoignition Temperature: 338 °C
Decomposition Temperature: Not reliably established
Viscosity: Low; free-flowing liquid at room temperature
Density: 0.865 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions, but decomposes over time producing harmful gases if exposed to light, heat, moisture, or air.
Reactivity: Reacts rapidly with strong acids, bases, oxidizers; may undergo violent decomposition.
Hazardous Polymerization: Not expected under normal conditions.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other toxic gases.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, direct sunlight, and storing with incompatible chemicals.
Incompatible Materials: Acids, strong oxidizers, alkalis, amines, reducing agents.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Inhalation may cause headache, dizziness, fatigue, confusion, visual disturbances, and loss of consciousness. Skin contact can produce mild to moderate irritation. Eye exposure causes severe irritation and possible chemical burns. Swallowing may lead to cyanosis, severe vomiting, hypotension.
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure has been linked to methemoglobinemia and anemia. Sensitization and allergic reactions are possible but rare.
LD50 (oral, rat): Estimated at 50–200 mg/kg
Symptoms of Overexposure: Bluish lips and skin, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, hypotension, drowsiness, convulsions.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by OSHA, IARC, or NTP.
Mutagenicity/Teratogenicity: No definitive data available; precaution advised.
Other Data: Misuse in confined or unventilated spaces carries life-threatening risk.
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Expected to be moderately toxic to aquatic organisms. Acute and chronic effects possible at environmental concentrations.
Persistence and Degradability: Breaks down in contact with air, sunlight, or soil bacteria, but persists long enough to pose short-term risks to aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely to bioconcentrate in animal tissues.
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile; evaporates quickly from surfaces, but runoff may contaminate water.
Other Adverse Effects: Contamination of water sources may threaten aquatic life and pollute groundwater.
Disposal Methods: Treat as hazardous waste. Dispose of by a licensed chemical waste contractor in accordance with local and national regulations. Never pour into drains, soil, or natural bodies of water.
Container Disposal: Empty containers should be rinsed with appropriate solvent and disposed of as hazardous waste.
Additional Precautions: Wear suitable protective equipment. Do not reuse empty containers for other purposes.
UN Number: UN2059
Proper Shipping Name: Isopropyl Nitrite
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Marine Pollutant: No (but highly recommended to check regional regulations)
Special Transport Precautions: Secure upright containers. Never transport with incompatible substances such as acids or oxidizers. Document as hazardous material.
Regulatory Status: Not permitted for human or veterinary drug use. Sale and possession restricted in various jurisdictions.
OSHA: Classified hazardous; use according to chemical safety standards.
TSCA: Listed in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory.
EU REACH: Subject to restriction and mandatory notification.
WHMIS: Class B2 (Flammable Liquid), Class D1B (Toxic Material)
SARA Title III: Subject to reporting under emergency planning (Sections 302/304) and hazardous categories (Section 311/312).
Labeling Requirements: Full hazard details, recommended precautions, and emergency contact information must be clearly visible on containers.
