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Product Name: Isoniazid
Synonyms: INH, isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Chemical Formula: C6H7N3O
CAS Number: 54-85-3
Intended Use: Pharmaceutical active ingredient for treatment of tuberculosis
Manufacturer’s Details: Refer to package for current supplier information
Emergency Contact: Refer to local poison control center or supplier emergency line
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 3, Eye Irritation Category 2A, Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Repeated Exposure) Category 2
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause damage to liver and peripheral nerves through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with eyes and skin, avoid inhalation, use personal protective equipment, keep away from food and drink
Potential Health Effects: Ingestion can cause vomiting, seizures, metabolic acidosis; inhalation or skin contact can cause irritation or allergic reactions; long-term exposure linked to hepatotoxicity and neuropathy
Chemical Name: Isoniazid
Concentration: Typically supplied at ≥98% purity
Impurities: See certificate of analysis for detailed breakdown; minor hydrazide derivatives may be present
Other Components: None present at hazardous concentrations
Hazardous Ingredients: Only active compound detailed above
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep individual at rest, seek medical attention for persistent symptoms, administer artificial respiration if needed
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes, seek medical care for persistent irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of clean water, lifting upper and lower lids occasionally, contact physician if irritation persists
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water, give small quantities of water to drink, seek prompt medical attention; monitor for symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, confusion, muscle twitching
Advice for Rescuers: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, avoid exposure to spilled material, provide symptomatic treatment
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, or foam
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: High-pressure water jets may spread contamination
Specific Hazards: Emits hazardous fumes such as nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides during combustion, decomposes at high temperatures
Protective Equipment: Use self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), chemical-resistant clothing
Special Procedures: Move containers from fire area if possible without risk, contain run-off water to prevent environmental contamination
Personal Precautions: Keep unprotected personnel away, ventilate area, wear gloves, goggles, and suitable respirator
Environmental Measures: Prevent entry into drains, sewers, groundwater; contain spill with inert material such as sand
Spill Cleanup: Scoop or vacuum spilled powder into containers for proper disposal, avoid generating dust, wash area with detergent and water, dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations
Reporting: Notify authorities if the product has caused environmental contamination
Handling: Avoid breathing dust, prevent skin and eye contact, wear suitable personal protective equipment, ensure good ventilation
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after use, do not eat or drink in handling area, remove contaminated clothing immediately
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, protect from light and moisture
Incompatible Materials: Oxidizing agents, acids, bases
Specific Requirements: Keep away from direct sunlight, store away from incompatible materials, secure area to prevent unauthorized access
Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limits established for isoniazid, minimize exposure as far as possible
Engineering Controls: Use in fume hood or with local exhaust ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Lab coat, nitrile or latex gloves, chemical safety goggles; use half-mask respirator with P3 filter when powder handling
Other Protective Measures: Emergency eye-wash stations and safety showers in work area, change out of work clothing before leaving lab
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Molecular Weight: 137.14 g/mol
Melting Point: 171–174 °C
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Flash Point: Not flammable under normal conditions
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
pH: 5.5–7.5 (1% solution)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): -0.64
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes above 200 °C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases
Conditions to Avoid: Exposure to light, humid or moist conditions, high temperatures
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, possibly toxic hydrazines
Polymerization: Will not polymerize under normal conditions
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Acute Toxicity: Oral (rat): LD50 = 250 mg/kg
Symptoms of Overexposure: Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, seizures, confusion, hepatic injury, skin and respiratory tract irritation
Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged exposure may induce liver damage and peripheral neuropathy
Sensitization: May cause allergic reactions or hypersensitivity in some individuals
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as human carcinogen by IARC; long-term studies inadequate
Mutagenicity: Evidence of some mutagenic potential in vitro
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal studies suggest embryotoxic effects at very high doses
Additional Information: Individuals with existing liver or kidney disorders, or those with slow acetylator phenotype, may be at greater risk of toxicity
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life at high concentrations; potential to bioaccumulate remains low based on partition coefficient
Persistence and Degradability: Mostly biodegradable in the environment; photodegradation occurs in sunlight
Mobility in Soil: High solubility in water gives moderate mobility in soil
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low potential; low log Kow
Other Adverse Effects: Large spills in aquatic systems can disrupt microbial communities and fish; high concentrations found near pharmaceutical manufacturing sites have been reported to persist longer than in typical environmental conditions
Waste Treatment Methods: Incineration recommended for large amounts; small amounts may be diluted and neutralized if permitted by local regulations
Disposal of Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse, then either incinerate or dispose of as chemical waste
Special Precautions: Do not flush down the drain; avoid contamination of natural waterways; comply with all federal, state, and local laws
Handling Drums and Containers: Clean thoroughly and puncture before disposal to prevent reuse
UN Number: Not classified as dangerous goods for road, rail, air, or sea
Proper Shipping Name: Isoniazid
Transport Hazard Class: Not regulated
Packing Group: Not assigned
Marine Pollutant: No
Special Precautions for User: Use original packaging, ensure proper labeling, keep away from incompatible materials and direct sunlight during transit
TSCA: Listed
EINECS/ELINCS: Listed (200-214-7)
OSHA Hazard Communication Status: Classified as hazardous
WHMIS Classification (Canada): D2A – Very toxic material
SARA Title III (Sections 302/313): Not subject
California Proposition 65: Not listed
Other National and International Regulations: May be regulated in workplace; employers required to provide training and PPE suitable for handling prescription drugs
Pharmaceutical Legislation: Use and distribution controlled under national drug laws; not for over-the-counter sale
