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Product Name: Isoamyl Nitrite
Chemical Name: 3-Methylbutyl nitrite
Synonyms: Isopentyl nitrite, banana oil
CAS Number: 110-46-3
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemical, industrial applications
Manufacturer/Supplier Contact: Provide business address, emergency phone number, and responsible person for chemical safety queries
Emergency Overview: Volatile, flammable liquid with a strong odor, yellow tint, and toxic properties requiring careful handling and storage
GHS Classification: Flammable Liquid Category 2, Acute Toxicity (oral/inhalation/dermal) Category 3, Skin Irritant Category 2, Eye Irritant Category 2
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin; causes skin and eye irritation; may cause methemoglobinemia
Precautionary Statements: Avoid all sources of ignition; avoid breathing vapors; wear protective gloves, goggles, and clothing; store only in ventilated areas under locked containment
Symptoms of Exposure: Headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, blurred vision, shortness of breath, blue-tinged skin, possible collapse in severe cases
Chemical: Isoamyl Nitrite
CAS Number: 110-46-3
Concentration: Typically ranges from 95% to 100% for pure product
Impurities: Trace quantities of other nitrites or byproducts depending on manufacturing process
Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air immediately; keep at rest in a comfortable position; administer oxygen if breathing becomes difficult; seek medical attention without delay
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical attention for persistent irritation or burns
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing and call a physician
Ingestion: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person; rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Most Important Symptoms: Cyanosis, confusion, lethargy due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (methemoglobinemia)
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam; water spray may be used to cool containers
Unsuitable Media: Direct water jet could spread flames
Hazards from Combustion: Toxic gases including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and irritating vapors
Protective Equipment: Wear full protective gear; self-contained breathing apparatus preferred
Special Procedures: Cool fire-exposed containers with water spray; contain runoff to prevent environmental contamination
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel; isolate spill area; ventilate
Protective Equipment: Gloves, goggles, impermeable clothing, face shield, chemical-resistant boots
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spreading to sewers, soil, and waterways; alert emergency services if significant contamination occurs
Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert materials (sand, earth, vermiculite); collect residue in appropriate container for disposal; ventilate area and wash spill site thoroughly
Handling: Work in an area with effective exhaust ventilation; keep containers tightly closed; avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin/eye contact; ground and bond all transferring equipment or containers; use spark-proof tools; do not smoke near the chemical
Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated spaces away from direct sunlight, incompatible materials (strong oxidizers, acids), heat, and open flame; keep container tightly sealed; label containers clearly; secure storage location to prevent unauthorized access
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood and explosion-proof ventilation systems
Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV: 0.1 ppm (skin); OSHA PEL: not established
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or butyl rubber), lab coat, safety goggles, face shield for splash risk, respiratory protection (full-face or supplied air) if ventilation inadequate
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face before breaks, after handling, and before eating or drinking; remove and launder contaminated clothing before reuse
Appearance: Pale yellow, oily liquid
Odor: Fruity, sweet, pungent
Melting Point: -40°C
Boiling Point: 99–101°C
Density: 0.876 g/cm³
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, miscible with alcohol, ether, and chloroform
Vapor Pressure: 28 mmHg at 20°C
Flash Point: 16°C
Autoignition Temperature: 286°C
Viscosity: Not measured
Molecular Formula: C5H11NO2
Molecular Weight: 117.15 g/mol
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended conditions; decomposes slowly in presence of heat, light, or moisture
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, oxidizers, alkali metals, reducing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Possible Dangerous Reactions: Rapid exothermic reactions with incompatible chemicals; forms explosive mixtures with air at certain concentrations
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, eye contact
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat) approx. 130 mg/kg; inhalation LC50 (rat, 4h) approx. 45 ppm; data for skin/eye not extensively tested in animals
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure may impair oxygen transport and damage central nervous system, kidney, and liver
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Other Health Hazards: Methemoglobinemia (decreased blood oxygen), dizziness, headache, confusion, rapid heartbeat, skin/lip cyanosis
Sensitization: Skin and respiratory sensitization reported in chemically similar nitrites with prolonged exposure
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life; acute toxicity to invertebrates and fish at low concentrations
Persistence and Degradability: Readily hydrolyzed in water to isoamyl alcohol and nitrite ion; both degrade further via natural biological processes
Bioaccumulation: No significant bioaccumulation expected due to rapid hydrolysis and low log Kow values
Mobility in Soil: Can leach into waterways, particularly after spills; may pose groundwater contamination risk
Other Effects: Release into environment requires assessment due to potential impact on aquatic ecosystems and drinking water quality
Disposal Methods: Dispose of material and contaminated containers in accordance with governmental regulations, typically through an authorized chemical waste contractor
Do Not: Pour down drains, release into environment, incinerate in open containers
Waste Codes: Consult local and federal regulations for hazardous waste classification of nitrite-containing waste
UN Number: UN 2059
Proper Shipping Name: Isoamyl Nitrite
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid), 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Label Requirements: Flammable liquid, toxic
Special Precautions: Keep separate from food and feedstuffs; avoid heat, sparks, open flame; notify carriers and handlers of risks and emergency measures
OSHA: Regulated as a hazardous substance; workplace controls mandated for handling
EPA: Listed on TSCA Inventory; additional reporting and restriction obligations may apply
EU REACH: Substance registration required; subject to authorization and use restrictions
Other Regulations: Controlled under varied state and federal laws including hazardous waste and transportation standards; SARA Title III reporting may be triggered by use or storage above certain amounts; always consult most recent national and local regulatory lists for updates
