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Product Name: Isoamyl Nitrate
Chemical Formula: C5H11NO3
CAS Number: 110-46-3
Synonyms: Isoamyl nitrite, 3-Methylbutyl nitrite
Recommended Use: Laboratory reagent, chemical intermediate, analytical applications
Supplier Information: Detailed supplier contacts to be provided on request
Emergency Contact: Local poison control center or emergency services hotline
Classification: Flammable liquid, acute toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal), eye/skin irritant, specific target organ toxicity
Hazard Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark, skull and crossbones
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable, harmful by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption, causes eye and skin irritation, may cause blood and circulatory system effects
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas, keep away from heat or sparks, wash exposed skin thoroughly after handling, wear protective gloves and eye protection
Chemical Name: Isoamyl Nitrate
Purity: 98% minimum
Impurities/Adulterants: Minor isomers, trace organic solvents
EC Number: 203-783-9
Molecular Weight: 133.15 g/mol
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air. Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult. Seek immediate medical attention. Monitor for symptoms such as headache, dizziness, weakness, and cyanosis.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and rinse skin with water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally. Obtain medical advice if symptoms persist.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting. Call poison control or a physician immediately.
Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Shortness of breath, headache, methemoglobinemia (blood disorder), drop in blood pressure, cyanosis.
Note to Physician: Treat symptomatically, consider oxygen therapy and methylene blue for methemoglobinemia.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, foam, use water spray to cool containers.
Specific Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, combustion may produce toxic gases including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus.
Precautions: Keep away from ignition sources, evacuate area, cool containers with water from a safe distance.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, ventilate area, avoid inhalation and skin contact.
Protective Equipment: Use gloves, goggles, chemical-resistant clothing, suitable respiratory protection if aerosol or vapor formation is likely.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, soil and drains.
Containment and Cleanup: Absorb spill with inert material (sand, earth, vermiculite), transfer to closed containers for disposal, avoid sources of ignition.
Decontamination: Wash area with soap and water after removal of spill material.
Handling: Use with adequate ventilation, avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, avoid inhaling vapors, keep containers closed when not in use, ground and bond containers during transfer to prevent static discharge.
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed, light-resistant containers, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from heat sources and incompatible materials.
Incompatibles: Strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metal powders, combustible materials.
Storage Temperature: Keep below 25°C, away from direct sunlight.
Exposure Limits: No OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV for isoamyl nitrate; control exposure to lowest practicable level.
Engineering Controls: Mechanical exhaust required, eyewash and safety shower accessible in work area.
Personal Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles or face shield, lab coat, long pants, closed-toe shoes. Use NIOSH-approved respirators if exposure to vapor/mist cannot be controlled.
Hygiene Measures: Remove contaminated clothing, wash hands and face before breaks and at end of work, do not eat, drink, or smoke in work area.
Appearance: Clear, yellowish liquid
Odor: Fruity, sweet, nitrous
Boiling Point: 98 - 100°C (208 - 212°F)
Melting Point: -80°C (-112°F)
Flash Point: 8°C (46°F) (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: 16 mmHg at 20°C
Density: 0.877 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Immiscible with water, soluble in alcohol, ether, organic solvents
pH: Not available
Evaporation Rate: High
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): 2.2 (estimated)
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 220°C (428°F)
Upper/Lower Flammability Limits: Not precisely established; vapor may form explosive mixture.
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions in absence of moisture and heat.
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizers and reducing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, other toxic fumes.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, flames, moisture, incompatible substances.
Polymerization: Not known to occur.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat) 350 mg/kg; LD50 (dermal, rabbit) 4500 mg/kg
Chronic Toxicity: Repeated exposure may cause methemoglobinemia, neurological effects, respiratory irritation.
Symptoms of Overexposure: Headache, dizziness, flushing, cyanosis (blue skin), nausea, vomiting, drop in blood pressure, rapid pulse, loss of consciousness, respiratory distress.
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA.
Mutagenicity: No evidence found, handle with care due to potential for unknown long-term effects.
Reproductive Effects: Data limited, recommended routes of exposure control.
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life due to formation of nitrates in water; may contribute to oxygen depletion and eutrophication.
Persistence and Degradability: Susceptible to hydrolysis and photolysis; breaks down relatively quickly in light and air.
Bioaccumulation: Low potential due to volatility and degradability.
Mobility in Soil: Volatile and mobile in air; moderate in soil; may pose risk of groundwater contamination if released in large quantities.
Other Adverse Effects: Avoid contamination of surface water and terrestrial environments.
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose as hazardous waste via an approved chemical waste facility.
Disposal of Containers: Rinse containers thoroughly, follow local regulations for hazardous containers.
Special Precautions for Landfill or Incineration: Incinerate in vetted chemical incinerators with afterburner and scrubber, do not landfill large quantities.
Do Not: Dispose in household garbage, sewer, or general waste streams.
UN Number: UN2059
Proper Shipping Name: Isoamyl nitrite
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: II
Marine Pollutant: No
Label Requirements: Flammable liquid symbol; follow international transport guidelines.
Special Transport Precautions: Ship in tightly closed containers, away from sources of ignition, temperature control advised, emergency procedures for spill/leak en route.
OSHA: Regulated as hazardous substance.
EPA: Not listed on CERCLA, RCRA, or SARA 313; local rules may apply.
TSCA: Listed
EC Regulation: Subject to REACH restrictions for industrial and laboratory use.
WHMIS (Canada): B2 (Flammable Liquid); D1B (Toxic Material); D2B (Irritant).
Other Regulations: Consult country-specific requirements for storage, transport, and disposal.
