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Substance Name: Isoamyl Chloride
Synonyms: 1-chloro-3-methylbutane, isopentyl chloride
Chemical Formula: C5H11Cl
Molecular Weight: 106.60 g/mol
CAS Number: 107-81-3
Recommended Use: Organic synthesis, flavor manufacturing, laboratory reagent
Supplier Information:
Name: Manufacturer or distributor company
Address: Street, City, State, Zip Code, Country
Telephone: Emergency contact number, general inquiry number
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3), Acute toxicity oral (Category 4), Skin irritation (Category 2), Eye irritation (Category 2A), Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure (Category 3, respiratory tract irritation)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor. Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin and eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors or mist. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wear protective gloves, eye protection, and face protection. Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. No smoking.
Other Hazards: Not classified as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic, or very persistent and very bioaccumulative according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH), Annex XIII.
Chemical Name: Isoamyl Chloride
CAS Number: 107-81-3
Concentration: ≥99%
Impurities/Additives: Potential trace impurities may include other chlorinated isomers or residual solvents from manufacturing, below regulated thresholds.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air quickly. Support breathing with oxygen if available. Seek medical attention if symptoms like cough, dizziness, or headache develop.
Skin Contact: Take off contaminated clothing immediately. Wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Get medical help if irritation develops or persists.
Eye Contact: Hold eyelids apart, rinse gently with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses after initial rinse, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Urgent eye examination helps reduce risk of damage.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Immediate consultation with a poison center or physician is needed.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide to put out fire. Water spray helps cool fire-exposed containers.
Unsuitable Media: Avoid direct water jet, may spread burning liquid.
Hazards from Combustion: May release toxic fumes including hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
Advice for Firefighters: Wear full protective gear including self-contained breathing apparatus. Approach from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors. Remove containers from fire area if safe.
Special Procedures: Cooling exposed containers with water spray prevents explosions. Contain run-off to avoid environmental contamination.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel from affected area. Ensure proper ventilation. Use personal protective equipment to avoid contact with skin, eyes, and inhalation of vapor.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering drains, surface and ground water, or soil. Notify authorities if large spill contaminates waterways.
Methods for Cleanup: Collect and contain spillage with inert absorbent material (sand, vermiculite, earth). Transfer collected waste to suitable closed container for disposal. Ensure cleanup workers use suitable respiratory protection for vapors.
Decontamination: Ventilate area, wash spill site after material pickup is complete. Dispose according to local, regional and national regulations.
Precautions for Safe Handling: Handle with care in a chemical fume hood or well-ventilated area. Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment. Avoid inhalation and contact with skin or eyes. Keep away from heat, sources of ignition, and incompatible materials.
Conditions for Safe Storage: Store in tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, away from sunlight. Segregate from strong oxidizers, acids, and alkalis. Label storage containers clearly. Maintain storage temperature below 25°C (77°F) if possible.
Other Recommendations: Inspect containers regularly for leaks. Ground and bond containers when transferring to prevent static generation. Keep emergency spill cleanup materials nearby.
Permissible Exposure Limits: No established ACGIH TLV or OSHA PEL for isoamyl chloride.
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood, explosion-proof ventilation to limit workplace vapor concentration.
Personal Protection:
Respiratory: Use full-face respirator with approved organic vapor cartridge if exposure limits are exceeded.
Skin: Wear chemical-resistant gloves such as nitrile or neoprene; use lab coat or chemical apron.
Eyes: Wear safety glasses with side shields or chemical splash goggles.
General Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, no eating or smoking in work areas, remove contaminated clothing quickly.
Appearance: Colourless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Penetrating, unpleasant, sharp
Odor Threshold: Not established
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point: -92°C (-134°F)
Boiling Point: 106–107°C (223–225°F)
Flash Point: 12°C (54°F) (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not determined
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: Not available
Vapor Pressure: 34 mm Hg at 20°C
Vapor Density: 3.67 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.87 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in ethanol, ether
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not established
Decomposition Temperature: Not established
Viscosity: Not determined
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.
Reactivity: Unreactive under normal conditions of use and storage.
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: May react vigorously with strong oxidizers, strong bases, and some metals.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, static discharge, exposure to moisture or incompatible materials.
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong alkalis, acids, aluminum, magnesium.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrochloric acid, phosgene, carbon oxides.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): ~2100 mg/kg; inhalation or dermal toxicity data limited, but irritation is pronounced.
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Can cause redness, dryness, pain, and possible blistering on prolonged or repeated contact.
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Direct contact leads to pain, redness, watering, and conjunctivitis.
Respiratory Sensitization: Vapors may irritate respiratory system, causing coughing, sore throat, dizziness, or nausea.
Germ Cell Mutagenicity/Carcinogenicity: Not classified as mutagenic or carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
Reproductive Toxicity: No animal or human data indicating risk at occupational levels.
Specific Target Organ Toxicity: High vapor concentrations depress central nervous system; chronic exposure may lead to respiratory discomfort.
Other Health Effects: Individuals with existing respiratory conditions risk aggravated symptoms.
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms based on structurally similar compounds. No direct LC50 or EC50 data published for fish or daphnia, but contamination can harm aquatic life.
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradability expected to be low; may persist in environment if released in large quantities.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms due to low water solubility and high log Kow estimate.
Mobility in Soil: High volatility causes rapid evaporation from surfaces. Spillage onto soil may migrate to groundwater due to moderate partition coefficient.
Other Adverse Effects: Prevent release to the environment wherever practical; follow chemical waste policy for disposal.
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect and dispose as hazardous waste in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations for organochlorine compounds.
Container Handling: Rinse empty containers thoroughly with suitable solvent, collect washings as hazardous waste.
Waste Codes: Contact local agency for applicable hazardous waste code.
Prohibited Practices: Do not discharge into sewers, surface or ground waters. Do not incinerate in open air.
UN Number: UN 2358
Proper Shipping Name: Isoamyl chloride
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquids)
Packing Group: II
Labels Required: Flammable liquid
Special Precautions: Ship in tightly sealed, upright containers. Keep transport vehicles well-ventilated and away from ignition sources during transit.
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant; mark containers accordingly if required by regulation.
Transport Regulations: Complies with IMDG, IATA, and ADR requirements.
TSCA Inventory: Listed on U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory.
DSL/NDSL: Listed on Canadian Domestic Substances List.
REACH Status: Pre-registered or registered under European Regulation (EC) 1907/2006.
SARA Title III: SARA 313 not listed as a toxic chemical. SARA 302/304 and CERCLA not regulated.
California Proposition 65: Not listed as a known carcinogen or reproductive toxin.
Other Regulations: Subject to requirements under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Observe all applicable national, state, provincial, and local chemical safety regulations for storage, handling, and transport.
