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Product Name: Hydrazine Hydrate
Chemical Formula: N2H4·H2O
CAS Number: 7803-57-8
Synonyms: Hydrazine Monohydrate, Diamidogen hydrate
Recommended Use: Chemical synthesis, water treatment, oxygen scavenger
Manufacturer Information: Manufacturer’s address and emergency contact available on commercial packaging
Emergency Telephone: Refer to local country poison centers or internal safety numbers
Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Dermal, Inhalation), Carcinogenicity Category 2, Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 1, Aquatic Chronic Hazard Category 3
Label Elements: Danger signal word, skull and crossbones pictogram, corrosive pictogram, health hazard pictogram
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or inhaled. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Suspected of causing cancer. Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing mist or vapors. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wear protective gloves, clothing, eye and face protection. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
General Hazards: Strong reducing agent, reacts violently with oxidizers, decomposes with heat or on contact with moisture releasing toxic fumes
Chemical: Hydrazine Hydrate
Hydrazine Content: up to 64%
Water Content: Balance
Impurities: Minimal, not intended for use in food, pharmaceuticals, or other regulated end uses
Hazardous Ingredients: Hydrazine (main ingredient, classified as toxic and carcinogenic by IARC and OSHA)
Contains no additives or stabilizers
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air immediately. Provide oxygen or artificial respiration as needed. Get immediate medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse skin immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. Seek emergency medical treatment.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids. Remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing. Immediate medical attention necessary.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water only if victim is conscious. Seek urgent medical help.
Most Important Symptoms: Severe irritation and burns to all tissues, respiratory distress, dizziness, nausea, headaches, long-term exposure risks including cancer
Medical Attention: Symptoms may be delayed. Immediate hospital treatment often required after significant exposure.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide.
Unsuitable Media: Never use water jet.
Specific Hazards: Forms toxic and explosive vapors with air. Emits nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and other dangerous gases when heated.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full body protective suit with self-contained breathing apparatus, chemical resistant gloves
Precautions: Evacuate area, approach from upwind. Prevent run-off from contaminating sewers and waterways.
Special Procedures: Keep containers cool with water fog only. Remove unaffected containers from fire if safe.
Personal Precautions: Wear required PPE including gloves, goggles, chemical suit, and respiratory protection.
Restrict Access: Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Only trained individuals may handle spills.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, drains, soil, or confined areas.
Spill Containment: Contain spill with inert absorbent material such as sand, earth, or vermiculite.
Cleanup Methods: Collect and place in sealed approved containers for disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools.
Decontamination: Wash spill area with plenty of water after collection, neutralize with dilute acetic acid if necessary.
Disposal: Dispose of contaminated material as hazardous waste according to local regulations.
Precautions for Safe Handling: Avoid skin and eye contact, inhalation of vapors or spray mist. Handle in well-ventilated chemical fume hood. Never return unused material to container.
Hygiene Measures: Wash thoroughly after handling, remove contaminated clothing.
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and direct sunlight.
Segregation: Keep separate from strong acids, oxidizers, chlorinated compounds, metals, and foodstuffs.
Container Materials: Stainless steel or approved polyethylene preferred. Prevent contact with copper, brass, lead, or silver.
Incompatibilities: Avoid contact with oxidizing agents, acids, aldehydes, and halogens due to risk of violent reaction.
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m³), ACGIH TLV: 0.01 ppm (0.013 mg/m³)
Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods, local exhaust ventilation, and process enclosures.
Personal Protection Equipment: Protective gloves (nitrile or neoprene), chemical splash goggles, face shield, full body coveralls, impermeable boots.
Respiratory Protection: Full-face respirators with appropriate chemical filter cartridges; SCBA for high concentrations.
Hygienic Practices: Remove and wash protective clothing after exposure. Do not eat, drink or smoke near product. Eye wash and safety shower stations close to work area.
Monitoring: Regular air monitoring suggested in workplace handling areas.
Appearance: Clear, colorless or pale yellow liquid
Odor: Ammonia-like, sharp
pH: Strongly alkaline, approximately 10.5-11.5
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -40°C to -51°C depending on concentration
Boiling Point/Range: 119°C (hydrated)
Flash Point: 74°C (closed cup, hydrated)
Flammability: Flammable at elevated temperatures, forms explosive mixtures with air
Vapor Pressure: 17 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 1.1 (air = 1)
Specific Gravity: 1.03–1.15 (water = 1)
Solubility: Complete miscibility in water
Partition Coefficient: log Pow = -2.7
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not less than 270°C
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes above 150°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions and in tightly closed containers.
Reactivity: Reacts with oxidizers, acids, and some metals; decomposition products may include hazardous nitrogen-based gases.
Hazardous Reactions: Violent reaction risk with strong acids, oxidizing agents, chlorine, bromine, hydrogen peroxide.
Hazardous Decomposition: Nitrogen oxides, ammonia, hydrazoic acid at elevated temperatures.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, direct sunlight, open flame, incompatible substances.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption. Severe skin and eye burns, respiratory tract irritation, dizziness, nausea, headaches, weakness.
Chronic Effects: May cause organ damage on repeated exposure (liver, kidneys, central nervous system). Suspected carcinogen; long-term inhalation linked with elevated cancer risk.
Toxicity Data: Oral LD50 (rat): 60 mg/kg (hydrazine), Dermal LD50 (rat): 570 mg/kg. LC50 (rat, inhalation): 800 ppm/4h
Carcinogenicity: Listed by IARC as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans). Animal studies show increased tumor incidence.
Other Effects: Sensitizer, risk of methemoglobinemia and hemolysis, reproductive toxicity suspected
Symptoms of Exposure: Burning sensation, cough, labored breathing, chest pain, rash, eye redness and pain
Ecotoxicology: Harmful to aquatic organisms in acute and chronic exposures.
Aquatic Toxicity: LC50 (Fish, 96h): 0.6–1.6 mg/l (varies by species)
Persistence and Biodegradability: Readily biodegrades under aerobic conditions; intermediate persistence possible in anaerobic environments.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low, rapidly metabolized by organisms
Soil Mobility: High solubility, leaches into groundwater quickly
Other Hazards: May cause eutrophication at high concentration releases. Toxic breakdown products may persist in closed systems.
Waste Disposal Methods: Contract with licensed hazardous waste facility for destruction by incineration or chemical neutralization.
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse and puncture containers before recycling or disposal. Follow local, state, and national hazardous waste laws.
Sewage Disposal: Do not discharge to sewer, surface water, or soil.
Special Precautions: Neutralize solutions carefully using suitable agents like dilute acetic acid. Dispose only as hazardous waste.
UN Number: UN 2030
Proper Shipping Name: Hydrazine, aqueous solution
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), 6.1 (Toxic)
Packing Group: II
Labels Required: Corrosive, Toxic
Special Provisions: Keep away from food and feedstuffs. Transport only in secure, upright, tightly closed containers.
Additional Info: International regulations (IMDG, ICAO/IATA, ADR) apply. Precautions needed for air and sea shipping.
OSHA: Regulated as hazardous, requires Safety Data Sheet under Hazard Communication Standard.
SARA Title III: Listed as Extremely Hazardous Substance under Section 302 and hazardous under Section 313 (TRI reporting).
TSCA: Listed on US Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory.
EC Regulations: Classified as Carcinogen, Mutagen, Aquatic Toxicant. Complies with EU REACH, subject to restrictions.
Other Local Regulations: May be subject to additional restrictions or requirements by country, state, or province.
Label Requirements: Detailed pictograms, hazard statements, and precautionary measures as set by OSHA, GHS, and equivalent systems globally.
Worker Protection: Regular training, exposure monitoring, and medical surveillance mandated in occupational use.
