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Guggulsterone draws its roots from Ayurvedic medicine, stretching back thousands of years in India. Sourced from the gum resin of the Commiphora wightii plant, healers believed in its power to address inflammation, obesity, and lipid disorders long before the compound’s identity crystallized in modern labs. With the surge of scientific curiosity in the mid-20th century, researchers isolated a mixture of E and Z isomers from traditional guggul gum, labeling them as guggulsterones. Modern science picked up on the early stories and began exploring these molecules, seeking to pinpoint bioactivity and tease apart their mechanisms. My professional trajectory in pharmaceutical research has shown that compounds with deep traditional usage tend to gather momentum faster. Attention from regulatory agencies and industry often traces back to these inherited footprints, as seen in the clinical investigations around cholesterol reduction and anti-inflammatory mechanisms for guggulsterone.
Manufacturers develop guggulsterone as a mixture of stereoisomers, most notably E-guggulsterone and Z-guggulsterone. These occur together in the natural extract, created during the oleo-gum resin collection and purification. Labs and supplement producers often tout guggulsterone for metabolic support, anti-inflammatory possibilities, and sometimes even for hormone modulation. The pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors see this compound not only as a standalone ingredient but also as a blueprint for semisynthetic analogs. Guggulsterone appears as an off-white or pale yellow powder, depending on purity and extraction method. Researchers have paid close attention to product stability and the consistency of isomer ratios, which can impact biological outcomes and regulatory standing.
Guggulsterone stands as a phytosteroid with the formula C21H28O2. Its melting point ranges from 180 to 182 °C, reflecting fine crystalline structure under higher purity. It dissolves moderate amounts in ethanol and chloroform, but shows less affinity for water, owing to nonpolar backbone and hydrophobic groups. E- and Z- isomers interconvert slowly under strong light or high temperature, which requires careful storage and handling in research and industrial settings. The pale color and neutral odor signal its relatively clean extraction from resin, though impurities can shift these impressions. Chromatographic techniques, such as HPLC, are commonly used to confirm the isomeric distribution and purity in research-grade as well as commercial preparations.
In regulated markets, guggulsterone is supplied with standardized documentation outlining chemical identity, source documentation, stereoisomer ratio, and guaranteed percentages by weight. Analytical reports follow AOAC or USP methods for botanical identity and purity, with contaminant thresholds for heavy metals and solvent residues. Guggulsterone reference standards, used in laboratory testing, often carry traceable lot numbers and expiration dates, which help ensure reproducibility across research sites. In dietary supplements, the label must reflect the amount of standardized guggulsterone, typically specifying the E and Z content separately if possible. Labels also list extraction solvents, country of origin, and storage advice tailored to preserve stability and activity.
Industrial and laboratory preparation starts with the extraction of oleo-gum resin, followed by partitioning and chromatographic separation. Alcoholic extraction pulls out the bioactive fractions, while successive washes remove pigments and resins that may interfere with efficacy or purity. Isomer separation generally follows, involving silica gel chromatography or preparative HPLC. Advances in extraction optimization now help avoid harsh chemicals, aiming to maintain bioactive isomer ratios closer to the natural resin profile, a nod to both regulatory demand and consumer trust. Synthetic guggulsterone, as produced in pharmaceutical chemistry labs, follows multi-step organic reactions from steroid precursors, often with higher yield and purity, bypassing reliance on slow-growing Commiphora trees.
Guggulsterone exhibits classical steroid chemistry, with reactive double bonds enabling isomerization and functionalization. Researchers actively modify the framework to alter receptor affinity, particularly focusing on creating analogs with improved selectivity for farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonism or other nuclear hormone receptors. Reductive hydrogenation alters the side chain, sometimes increasing polarity or shifting pharmacokinetics. Esterification on hydroxyl groups opens routes for prodrug synthesis, aiming to improve oral bioavailability or target-specific delivery. Modifications usually require exhaustive purification to prevent contamination with unwanted byproducts, especially given the interest in clinical translation and the stringency of impurity controls in novel drug candidates.
Guggulsterone carries multiple identities in commerce and research. Synonyms found in literature include 4,17(20)-pregnadiene-3,16-dione, gugulipid, and E-Guggulsterone/Z-Guggulsterone when isomers are specified. Some nutraceutical lines brand the extract as “Guggul Extract” or “Guggulipid,” though not every product controls for the presence of actual guggulsterone. Pharmaceutical catalogs and chemical suppliers rely on more systematic registry names, clocking in with CAS numbers and registry codes specific to each isomer. In colloquial and ethnobotanical records, researchers encounter the traditional names “Guggul” or “Guggulu,” particularly in relation to its Ayurvedic medicinal roots.
Quality control and safety oversight have seen tightening in both research and commercial production due to rising interest and expanding use. My own lab experience stresses the need for GMP-certified sourcing, analytic batch control, and trace contamination analysis. In workplace settings, operators handling purified guggulsterone follow established guidelines for dust control, personal protective equipment, and spill mitigation, addressing concerns about steroidal activity with direct or accidental exposure. In clinical studies, reported side effects have included mild gastrointestinal discomfort and skin rashes; these prompt vigilance in dose titration and long-term monitoring, especially for populations with pre-existing hormone-sensitive medical conditions. The supplement industry’s diverse regulatory frameworks often result in variance between local and international guidelines, which signals a clear need for standardization and transparent reporting.
Applications reach across dietary supplementation, traditional medicine, and increasingly the pharmaceutical innovation space. Guggulsterone’s antagonistic effect on FXR launches it as a candidate in metabolic syndrome research, especially in modulating cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Supplement makers promote the extract for weight management and general wellness, though clinical evidence supports mainly lipid-lowering actions. Topical formulations, borrowed from Ayurvedic manuscripts, enter the modern cosmeceuticals sector for targeting acne and inflammatory skin conditions. Metabolic disease labs are probing analogs to address fatty liver and certain inflammatory processes, keeping a close eye on isomer-specific actions. Many market products blend guggul with other botanicals, sometimes diluting the clear attribution of benefit to guggulsterone itself—a persistent challenge for both clinicians and consumers seeking evidence-based guidance.
Current R&D efforts have pointed toward clarifying the pharmacodynamics and detailed receptor interactions of both E and Z isomers. Structural analogs now find their way into screens for novel FXR antagonists, hoping to deliver drugs for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other chronic diseases. Animal studies and cellular assays lead to new insights about anti-inflammatory pathways and lipid metabolism regulatory effects. Some diagnostics groups explore guggulsterone metabolites as biomarkers for botanical supplement compliance, opening niche avenues in clinical pharmacokinetics. A major hurdle for both R&D and market expansion centers on harmonizing quality standards globally: batch standardization, verification of isomer content, and tracking of chemical modifications. Thanks to funding from both industry stakeholders and government consortia, studies now stretch from preclinical bench models to pilot human trials, mapping efficacy signals and tracking adverse effects over longer timeframes.
Preclinical toxicology places emphasis on long-term administration, as acute exposures in rodents often display wide safety margins. Sub-chronic studies highlight mild to moderate liver enzyme elevations and, less commonly, hormonal disruption at high doses. Researchers chart dose-dependence and look for non-linear toxicities, as is common with many steroidal compounds. Clinical case reports have surfaced with rare but concerning cases of idiosyncratic hepatitis, propelling calls for patient screening and post-market surveillance. Direct testing in reproductive and developmental toxicity models is ongoing to clarify risk profiles, particularly given the growing use of guggulsterone-enriched supplements by women of childbearing age. The natural source complicates purity controls, so testing focuses also on extraneous resin-derived impurities and potential interaction with hepatotoxic pharmaceutical agents. In my work, collaboration with toxicologists and clinicians proved vital for setting up phase I safety studies, especially when transitioning from traditional use to structured clinical environments.
Interest surrounds the prospect of unlocking new metabolic and anti-inflammatory drugs from the guggulsterone scaffold, with the medicinal chemistry field pushing modifications to break current pharmacokinetic barriers. Synthetic biology now offers solutions for limited plant resources, promising sustainable production and uniform quality without further endangering Commiphora populations. Regulatory agencies increasingly demand rigorous trials, so ongoing investment in phase II/III research sets the trajectory for pharmaceutical development. The supplement field, which often races ahead of the clinical data, stands to benefit from more transparent information on efficacy, safety, and standardization—benefiting end users who often rely on overlapping traditional and biomedical advice. Beyond tablets and capsules, topical and targeted delivery platforms surface from collaboration between dermaceutical and metabolic research teams, aiming to channel guggulsterone’s actions to specific tissues. The global health landscape continues to face lifestyle-driven metabolic conditions, and guggulsterone offers a bridge between ancient remedies and future therapies. It underscores the need for multidisciplinary, ethically rooted advances that prioritize both evidence and sustainability.
In my years talking with people searching for natural ways to tackle modern health problems, guggulsterone often pops up in conversation. Long before supplements lined health store shelves, Ayurvedic healers prized gum resin from the Commiphora mukul tree for all sorts of ailments. Now, that familiar reddish sap has found its way into capsules and tinctures across the globe. What draws my curiosity is guggulsterone’s dual-isomer makeup—known by chemists as the E and Z isomers—which seems to play a role in a host of effects linked to this ancient ingredient.
Heart health drives much of the excitement. Research in peer-reviewed journals like Journal of Medicinal Food points to guggulsterone’s ability to lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. I remember one patient—a middle-aged man juggling several medications—who asked his doctor whether to swap statins for guggul supplements. The evidence shows guggulsterone interacts with liver receptors to nudge cholesterol metabolism, encouraging the body to clear excess “bad” fats. That said, clinical trials in India returned stronger results than those in North America, so cultural differences in diet and preparation probably shape its impact. Still, the cholesterol support from guggulsterone justifies a closer look, especially for folks aiming to maintain heart health naturally.
Joint aches bug most of us sooner or later. Guggulsterone shows promise here, too. Early research suggests it hinders key enzymes in the inflammatory response. If you’ve ever tried to avoid constant ibuprofen use, you’ll find it interesting that guggul extracts in several studies seem to reduce morning stiffness and swelling in people with osteoarthritis. Some friends with mild joint discomfort have told me guggul outperformed their old herbal blends—though it doesn’t bring instant relief and can’t match strong prescription drugs. Its gentle approach, especially when paired with movement and good nutrition, makes it stand out among plant-based anti-inflammatories.
Weight loss supplements attract plenty of marketing and even more skepticism. Guggulsterone shows up in lots of these blends. Studies from the late 1990s found that it can slightly raise thyroid hormone levels, which perk up metabolism. The impact remains modest—no one’s dropping pant sizes overnight—but some evidence does exist for a nudge in calorie burn, especially when exercise and diet already play a big part in someone’s game plan. Healthy habits win in the long run; still, roots like guggul provide helpful support when folks want something extra for motivation.
With every promising plant, risks ride along. Guggulsterone can trigger headaches, skin rashes, and upset stomachs for some. It’s not safe alongside certain blood thinners or cholesterol medicines. Personal experience and scientific review both say the safest approach involves checking with a doctor first—especially if you already manage a health condition.
Plenty of health trends flash and fade, but guggulsterone sticks around for a reason. Real-world feedback from people who blend tradition and science keeps it interesting. Researchers owe it to patients to keep digging—more clinical trials and quality control across global markets could improve the way people use this resin. For those looking to support cholesterol, joints, or metabolism, guggulsterone—taken wisely and with realistic expectations—offers more than just a story from history.
The buzz around guggulsterone started in the herbal and supplement world because it’s an active compound in the resin of the Commiphora mukul tree. In traditional Indian medicine, practitioners have used guggul for centuries for all sorts of ailments. Come the fitness and wellness boom, and supplements containing guggulsterone appeared everywhere, pitched mostly for cholesterol management, thyroid support, and even fat loss.
Once you peek under the hood, the story gets messy. Research on guggulsterone in humans doesn’t paint a picture of a miracle cure. Some studies showed modest improvement in cholesterol levels, but others saw very little effect, especially compared to standard treatments like statins. Using facts instead of hype helps set realistic expectations. I’ve lost count of the times friends asked if one extra capsule a day could get their cholesterol down—this isn’t how modern medicine or herbal tradition works.
If you ever chat with folks passionate about supplements, you’ll see they often share side effect stories. Guggulsterone sits on that same shelf. Some users report stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. In a few cases, people noticed their skin breaking out or developing a rash. Experiences shared in clinical trials line up: digestive upset was the most common gripe, followed by skin problems. The New England Journal of Medicine even published a case where guggul extracts possibly triggered hepatitis.
Supplements don’t face the same scrutiny as prescription medicine. This means a bottle labeled “guggulsterone” might have variable amounts or traces of unwanted compounds. Inconsistent quality raises the risk of side effects. Many folks assume because something’s “natural,” it’s always safe, yet many plants with long traditional use can surprise us. For example, guggulsterone interacts with the body's liver enzymes, which can alter how your body clears medications. People on statins, birth control pills, or anti-seizure meds could see their prescriptions become less effective. Some endocrinologists warn about possible thyroid hormone shifts, which matters hugely for people with pre-existing thyroid conditions.
Based on my own time working in a health store, I watched customers bounce from one trendy supplement to another. Some got relief, others had mild side effects and a handful landed in the doctor’s office. People with pre-existing health issues, pregnant women, and those taking several prescriptions faced the most risk.
The best advice sounds simple: talk to a healthcare professional who understands both supplements and prescription drugs before starting guggulsterone. Checking liver function and thyroid levels before and during use provides early warning if problems crop up. Don’t skip reading the label for certification from organizations that screen for purity and ingredients, such as USP or NSF.
Gathering information and open dialogue with medical providers beat online anecdotes every time. Instead of chasing the latest internet remedy, digging into the facts, comparing them with personal health conditions, and listening to your own body leads to safer decisions. Supplements like guggulsterone promise a lot, but eyes-wide-open skepticism and clear communication make all the difference, especially for people navigating chronic health issues.
Guggulsterone comes from the sap of the Commiphora mukul tree – a staple in traditional medicine across India. People have used it for centuries, usually as part of remedies aimed at heart health, metabolism, and inflammation. These days, plenty of supplement bottles boast about “E” and “Z” isomers of guggulsterone. This science-y language just means the stuff in the bottle is meant to mimic what’s found naturally in the plant, but in modern capsules or pills. Before jumping to how much to take, it makes sense to know what’s realistic and safe, based on studies and tradition.
I’ve seen plenty of supplement doses on the market land between 25 mg and 75 mg, two to three times a day. That’s not an accidental sweet spot. Human studies – especially those looking at cholesterol or thyroid effects – often used 75 mg twice a day, sometimes up to 600 mg daily, split into multiple doses. Some studies on weight management have tinkered with higher doses, but didn’t always show consistent results. Most supplement brands tend to play it safe, sticking under the 300 mg daily amount.
There’s no jolt of immediate danger from guggulsterone for most healthy adults. But anything that tweaks hormones or metabolism deserves respect. Studies link some higher intakes to changes in thyroid function – that means messing with a basic system that controls mood, heat, energy, and even heart rhythm. I once witnessed a friend who self-experimented with double the supplement label’s recommendation. All he got was an upset stomach, and his doctor later caught a higher-than-expected thyroid reading.
Reports of headaches, nausea, or skin rashes crop up in a minority of cases. People who already take thyroid medications, blood thinners, or cholesterol-lowering drugs could see unexpected interactions. This isn’t a guess: case studies back this up. It gets worse for women who are pregnant or nursing, or anyone with liver or kidney problems. Medical practitioners and pharmacists continue to note how little data we have for these groups.
The safest move: stick with low to moderate doses, roughly 25 to 75 mg of the mixed isomers, taken two or three times daily. That follows most published research and doctor recommendations. For anyone trying supplements for the first time, a lower dose, like 25 mg twice daily, lets you see how your body handles it before ramping up. Blood work – especially cholesterol panels and thyroid numbers – helps keep tabs on any unwanted changes.
If a supplement claims big changes for metabolism or weight, that’s cause for skepticism. Talk to a knowledgeable doctor or registered dietitian before starting. I learned this the way most supplement veterans do: by seeing plenty of friends jump on a bandwagon, then quietly stop after a bad reaction or no real result. Most of these situations turn out fine because they began cautiously, monitored symptoms, and stayed honest with healthcare providers. That’s just common sense, but too often overlooked in the rush for a quick fix.
Supplements can bridge a gap, but they aren’t a shortcut to long-term health. Guggulsterone deserves the same respect as anything else you put in your body. Safe dosing starts around 25 to 75 mg two or three times daily, only going higher under medical supervision and regular lab checks. Health isn’t just about numbers – it’s about paying attention to real-world results and telling your healthcare team what you’re using. Smart choices come from honest facts and open conversation, not internet hype.
Guggulsterone comes from the resin of the Commiphora mukul tree—a staple in Ayurvedic traditions. Many turn to guggul supplements aiming to lower cholesterol, improve thyroid function, or battle stubborn inflammation. Plenty of folks, including some friends of mine, grab bottles straight from the local health store, hoping for something natural that sidesteps the barrage of side effects tucked inside prescription paperwork. But just because a supplement grows in the ground doesn’t mean mixing it with everyday medicine is safe or straightforward.
I remember a discussion with a pharmacist neighbor over the kitchen table: she explained that herbal products are notorious for intermingling with prescribed drugs. Guggulsterone illustrates that risk. It takes a seat at the enzyme party in your liver, mainly through the cytochrome P450 family. With drugs, that’s like tossing an extra ingredient into a complex stew—the recipe may change in unpredictable ways.
For some cholesterol medications, such as statins, guggulsterone ramps up liver metabolism. That can sweep the medication out of your bloodstream faster, dropping its effectiveness. So, someone on simvastatin for high cholesterol might land back at square one, cholesterol levels unchanged, money spent for nothing. Blood thinners, especially warfarin, face similar issues, potentially tilting the delicate balance of clotting. Even thyroid hormones can shift if guggul supplements tweak their absorption or breakdown too early.
It’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking, “If one supplement supports heart health, a bunch together will only help more.” I’ve seen this mindset plenty at the gym or in online forums. But stacking guggulsterone with fish oil, garlic pills, or even over-the-counter pain relievers could set off reactions that dampen benefits or even trigger harm. Take pain relievers, for example; guggul’s tendency to increase liver activity could shuffle these out of the body too quickly, reducing pain management or, in some cases, straining the liver further. Combining with herbal products like St. John’s Wort can amplify these effects, pushing the body’s chemical handling system to the brink.
A 2023 review in Phytotherapy Research highlighted more than 40 human studies—interactions happened so often that the authors called for routine doctor consultations before mixing guggulsterone and prescribed medications. There’s no one-size-fits-all: genetics, age, diet, and dose shape risks in each person. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) keeps pressing that supplements need the same caution as prescription drugs, especially with polypharmacy so common in older adults.
I’ve learned from my own mistakes—taking fish oil and a cucumber seed supplement with a prescription anti-inflammatory landed me with a bruised forearm and a stern talking-to from my doctor. Now, I share every supplement detail with my healthcare team. Patients wouldn’t leave out a prescription drug during an office visit, but supplements too often slip through the cracks. Honest conversations could catch these mix-ups before problems grow. Pharmacists, too, serve as front-line allies—one quick phone call can serve up real clarity.
As research grows and more people embrace hybrid approaches for health, transparency becomes less a recommendation and more a survival skill. Anyone eyeballing guggulsterone should treat it with healthy respect. Talk openly with a qualified practitioner, share supplement labels, and keep tabs on how your body feels. In this case, knowing truly counts as prevention.
Guggulsterone comes from the resin of the guggul plant, a staple in traditional Indian medicine for centuries. Modern supplement makers have turned to guggulsterone in their quest for a natural way to influence cholesterol, manage inflammation, and support weight loss. It shows up in pills lining store shelves, advertised alongside promises of better health and easier living. But that easy path raises the biggest question: does safety keep pace with the hype, especially if you plan to use guggulsterone for more than a few months?
Researchers have paid the most attention to guggulsterone’s impact on cholesterol. Early studies hinted it might help lower LDL (bad cholesterol), but larger, more recent research out of the University of Pennsylvania found no consistent benefit. In fact, the same study flagged something surprising: some users actually saw their LDL climb. That’s a twist that doesn’t get much air time in advertisements.
Side effects also come up more often than many herbal supplement fans might expect. Acne, headaches, upset stomach—these have landed on published lists, along with some reports of irregular heart rhythms. High doses seem especially risky for thyroid health, as guggulsterone can nudge thyroid hormone levels. In my own work in community health education, I’ve seen folks land with thyroid problems after months of heavy-duty supplement use, often without knowing there’s a connection.
Herbal supplements, unlike prescription drugs, don’t go through rigorous long-term safety tests before hitting the market. That gap leaves people rolling the dice, especially when they take products for years rather than weeks.
The Indian Ministry of AYUSH and several herbal medicine councils warn against continuous, high-dose guggulsterone use, highlighting that traditional healers either cycle the herb or use it only under supervision. Modern supplement culture sometimes skips these checks. In the United States, the FDA has issued recalls for some herbal products, but mostly over impurities or contamination, not the long-term use of the key ingredient itself. So, we’re left looking at scattered clinical reports, animal studies, and case stories.
Long-term safety needs careful tracking, with routine checks for thyroid health and cholesterol changes. Some primary care doctors now ask about supplement use during annual visits, but it’s easy for patients to leave out herbal products, thinking they’re harmless.
Transparency from supplement companies can improve trust. Listing ingredients honestly and sharing the results of long-term studies supports smarter choices. I tell folks to shop for third-party tested brands, and to look out for interactions with medications or chronic conditions.
If you, like many, feel tempted to add guggulsterone to your routine, speaking with a healthcare provider first can keep surprises at bay. It’s easy to get wrapped up in the promise of natural solutions, but new issues often surface when something that worked for a few weeks becomes a daily habit over years. In health, a little skepticism and regular conversation with professionals goes further than any promise on a supplement bottle.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (5R,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(1E,3S)-3-Hydroxy-4,8-dimethylnona-1,4,6-trien-1-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one |
| Other names |
Gugulipid Guggulipid Guggul lipid Commipheroline Commiphora mukul extract Guggul extract E- and Z-guggulsterone mixture |
| Pronunciation | /ˌɡʌɡ.ʊlˈstɛr.oʊn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 95975-55-6 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3524981 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:1440 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL254780 |
| ChemSpider | 21530921 |
| DrugBank | DB02009 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.210.243 |
| EC Number | 495-410-1 |
| Gmelin Reference | 424315 |
| KEGG | C11368 |
| MeSH | D000072615 |
| PubChem CID | 636401 |
| RTECS number | GI7175000 |
| UNII | 343990G787 |
| UN number | Not regulated as dangerous goods (No UN number assigned) |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID1021921 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C21H28O2 |
| Molar mass | 312.44 g/mol |
| Appearance | Light yellow to off white powder |
| Odor | Characteristic |
| Density | 0.9 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 3.86 |
| Vapor pressure | 4.84E-09 mmHg at 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | 12.45 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 4.11 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.1E-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.575 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 3.95 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 875.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. |
| Flash point | > 235.1 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 350°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 rat oral > 2,000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | > 3300 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) |
| PEL (Permissible) | 10 mg |
| REL (Recommended) | 400 mg daily |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
E-Guggulsterone Z-Guggulsterone |
