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Chemical Name: Glutaraldehyde
CAS Number: 111-30-8
Synonyms: Glutaric dialdehyde, Pentanedial
Recommended Use: Disinfectant, sterilant, fixative for biological tissues, water treatment chemical
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Classification: Acute Toxicity - Inhalation (Category 3), Acute Toxicity - Dermal (Category 4), Skin Sensitizer (Category 1), Eye Damage (Category 1), Respiratory Sensitizer (Category 1), Aquatic Acute (Category 1)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Toxic if inhaled; causes severe skin burns and eye damage; may cause an allergic skin reaction; may cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled; very toxic to aquatic life.
Pictograms: Corrosive, Health hazard, Exclamation mark, Environment, Skull and crossbones
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapor or mist; use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas; wash hands thoroughly after handling; avoid release to the environment; wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye/face protection.
Component: Glutaraldehyde
Concentration: Generally 25–50% in commercial solutions, balance is water
CAS No.: 111-30-8
Impurities: Water, minor organic acids
Other Ingredients: Mixture may include buffers or stabilizers depending on product form
Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air immediately; assure unobstructed breathing; seek medical attention if symptoms such as respiratory irritation or difficulty breathing occur;
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin thoroughly with plenty of water and soap; seek medical advice in case of persistent redness, irritation, or burns;
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids frequently; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; urgent medical attention is required as the risk of permanent eye injury is high;
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water; give water to dilute if person is conscious; immediate medical attention necessary due to corrosive nature.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide; do not use water jets directly as product can produce toxic vapors;
Specific Hazards Arising from Substance: Emits toxic fumes including formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide when heated or burned;
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear to handle combustion gases;
Fire-Fighting Precautions: Remove containers from fire area if safe; containment to prevent spread of contaminated water runoff.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel; ventilate area well; use personal protection such as chemical-resistant gloves and eye protection;
Environmental Precautions: Prevent liquid from reaching waterways, sewers, or soil; contain spill with dikes or absorbent material;
Cleanup Methods: Absorb leaks with inert material like dry sand or earth; collect in suitable containers for disposal; clean residue with plenty of water; decontaminate area with sodium bisulfite or similar neutralizer.
Handling: Use only in areas with good ventilation; avoid vapor or mists; wear protective clothing, gloves, and goggles; never eat, drink, or smoke during handling; wash contaminated skin after contact;
Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers at room temperature, away from light, heat, and incompatibles like strong acids and alkalis; keep separate from food and animal feed; label containers clearly; use corrosion-resistant material for storage systems; keep away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition.
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 0.2 ppm ceiling; ACGIH TLV: 0.05 ppm ceiling;
Engineering Controls: Install local exhaust and general ventilation to ensure low airborne concentration; use safety showers and eyewash stations nearby;
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), full face shield or goggles, chemical resistant clothing; respiratory protection (organic vapor cartridge respirator) during potential overexposure;
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; remove contaminated clothing before entering clean areas; no eating or drinking in working area.
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Sharp, pungent odor
Odor Threshold: 0.04 ppm (can be detected at extremely low concentrations)
pH: Approximately 3.1 (for 25% solution)
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -14°C (25% solution)
Boiling Point: 100–101°C (for aqueous solutions)
Flash Point: 87°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not rapid in ambient air
Flammability: Not easily flammable but combustible at high temperatures
Vapor Pressure: 0.6 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: 1.1 (air = 1)
Solubility in Water: Completely miscible
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): -0.17
Auto-ignition Temperature: 190°C
Decomposition Temperature: Above 150°C
Viscosity: Low (similar to water)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; product deteriorates over time especially if exposed to light or heat;
Reactivity: Reacts strongly with oxidizers, strong bases, and reducing agents; reacts with primary amines, proteins, and biological molecules;
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, various organic acids during combustion or decomposition;
Conditions to Avoid: Extreme heat, direct sunlight, strong acids and bases, contamination with incompatible chemicals;
Polymerization: Can undergo self-polymerization resulting in higher viscosity and potential for hazardous byproducts.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, dermal, eye contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Toxic if inhaled (can rapidly cause irritation, sensitization, or pulmonary edema); corrosive to eyes and skin; ingestion leads to severe gastrointestinal burns;
Chronic Effects: Sensitization of skin and respiratory tract; can trigger occupational asthma in repeated low-level exposure; long-term exposure may impact immune function or respiratory health;
LD50 Oral (rat): 134 mg/kg
LC50 Inhalation (rat): 0.48 mg/L (4 hours)
Possible Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a human carcinogen by IARC, but close analogs such as formaldehyde have known risks;
Mutagenicity: Evidence shows some genotoxic potential in lab studies;
Other Health Effects: Immediate pain, redness, blistering, or burns in direct contact; risk of eye damage and impaired breathing on heavy exposure.
Ecotoxicity: Extremely toxic to aquatic life, fish, and invertebrates even at low concentrations;
Persistence and Degradability: Slowly biodegradable in the environment; significant risk of bioaccumulation less likely due to chemical properties but aquatic impact is substantial;
Mobility in Soil: Mobile in aqueous environments, may penetrate soil and reach groundwater;
Bioaccumulation: Not likely due to water solubility and low partition coefficient;
Aquatic Toxicity Values: LC50 (fish, 96hr): <2 mg/L; EC50 (Daphnia, 48hr): 0.6 mg/L;
Other Notes: Spills into waterways require immediate reporting and environmental remediation due to high toxicity.
Recommended Disposal: Dispose as hazardous waste in accordance with local, regional, and national guidelines; incinerate under controlled conditions using flue gas scrubbers or treat with neutralizing agents prior to disposal;
Container Disposal: Rinse empty containers with appropriate neutralizer, then follow disposal instructions for hazardous chemical containers;
Waste Codes: U133 (EPA hazardous waste number); manifests should be documented;
Precautions: Do not allow to enter drains or water courses; proper labeling and handling are essential to minimize risk to people and the environment.
UN Number: UN 2922
UN Proper Shipping Name: Corrosive liquid, toxic, n.o.s. (contains glutaraldehyde)
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), 6.1 (Toxic)
Packing Group: II
Labels: Corrosive, Toxic
Special Transport Precautions: Secure containers to prevent spills; transport vehicles require emergency response information and appropriate hazard labels; loading and unloading require full personal protective equipment; temperature control helps reduce risk of fume release.
OSHA Status: Covered as hazardous chemical with strict workplace controls;
SARA Title III (Sections 311/312): Acute health hazard, chronic health hazard;
TSCA: Listed on the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory;
RCRA: Listed, must be handled as hazardous waste;
State Regulations: Included in state right-to-know lists (California Proposition 65); special workplace signage mandated in healthcare and industrial settings;
Other International Regulations: Subject to EU REACH registration; regulated in Canada, Australia, and Japan with workplace and environmental controls; transport across international borders requires declaration under UN and IMDG codes.
