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Product Name: Fusel Alcohol
Synonyms: Fusel oil, higher alcohols, amyl alcohols mix
Chemical Family: Aliphatic alcohols
Molecular Formula: Mixture (primarily C3-C6 alcohols such as isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, 1-propanol, and others)
Intended Use: Industrial raw material, solvent, laboratory reagent
Manufacturer/Supplier: Common industrial chemical producers
Emergency Phone Number: Refer to supplier safety contact
CAS Number: Varies by alcohol (primarily 123-51-3, 71-36-3, 78-83-1, and 71-23-8)
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3), Acute toxicity—oral (Category 4), Skin irritation (Category 2), Eye irritation (Category 2A), Specific target organ toxicity—single exposure (Category 3)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Causes skin and eye irritation, may cause respiratory irritation, flammable liquid and vapor, harmful if swallowed, central nervous system depression possible
Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation Mark
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from ignition sources, avoid breathing vapors, wash hands thoroughly after handling, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated area, store in tightly closed container
Main Components: Isoamyl alcohol (10-80%), Isobutanol (5-40%), 1-Propanol (1-10%), 2-Methyl-1-butanol (2-8%), Trace congeners
Impurities: Trace water, higher boiling point alcohols, esters, aldehydes
Concentration Range: Typically varies with distillation or fermentation source
Occupational Exposure Limits: Different TLVs based on alcohol present; e.g., Isoamyl alcohol TLV = 100 ppm (ACGIH), Isobutanol TLV = 50 ppm (ACGIH)
Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately, loosen tight clothing, allow individual to rest, seek medical attention if symptoms like dizziness or headache develop
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with plenty of soap and water; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Flush eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally, remove contact lenses if present, obtain medical attention if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, never give anything by mouth if person is unconscious, get medical help immediately
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO2), water spray for larger fires
Unsuitable Media: High-pressure water jets may spread burning liquid
Hazards from Combustion: Toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide possible, intense heat, rapid vapor formation
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear, avoid inhaling vapors
Special Procedures: Cool nearby containers with water spray to prevent bursting, keep away from drains during firefighting
Personal Precautions: Eliminate all ignition sources, ventilate affected area, avoid breathing vapors, use appropriate protective equipment
Environmental Precautions: Prevent material from entering sewers, surface water, or soil, notify authorities if spill enters environment
Cleanup Methods: Contain spill with inert absorbent (sand, earth), collect in suitable container for disposal, wash area with water after removal
Spill Reporting: Report large releases as required by local or national regulations
Handling: Use only with adequate ventilation, avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment, ground containers when transferring liquid, no smoking
Storage: Store in tightly closed, approved containers, keep in a cool, well-ventilated place away from heat, sparks, open flames, and oxidizing materials, segregate from incompatible substances like acids and alkalis, label containers clearly
Engineering Controls: Provide mechanical exhaust ventilation or fume hood, maintain concentrations below occupational limits
Respiratory Protection: Use approved respirators if vapor concentrations exceed occupational limits
Skin Protection: Nitrile gloves or chemically resistant gloves, protective clothing to minimize skin contact
Eye Protection: Safety goggles and face shield where splash risk exists
Hygiene Measures: Wash thoroughly after handling, remove contaminated clothing, do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas
Exposure Limits: Refer to component-specific guidelines, monitor air quality regularly
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid, oily consistency
Odor: Strong, pungent, alcoholic odor resembling overripe fruit
Boiling Point: 117°C–142°C (varies by component)
Melting Point: Ranges below 0°C (depends on composition)
Vapor Pressure: Low to moderate at room temperature
Solubility: Miscible with alcohols, ether; limited water solubility
Density: Typically 0.81–0.83 g/cm3
Flash Point: 32°C–49°C (closed cup, varies by content)
Autoignition Temperature: Ranges from 340°C to 400°C
Viscosity: Medium to low, pourable liquid
pH: Neutral (not applicable in pure state)
Chemical Stability: Stable under ordinary atmospheric conditions and recommended handling procedures
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flame, sparks, high temperatures, strong oxidizers
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents, halogens
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Burning produces hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other organic fumes
Hazardous Polymerization: Does not occur under normal storage and handling
Acute Effects: Central nervous system depression, nausea, headache, dizziness, vomiting, possible loss of consciousness at high doses
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure can lead to liver and kidney effects, skin defatting and dermatitis
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
LD50 (Oral, Rat): Isoamyl alcohol ~1300 mg/kg; varies by alcohol
Skin Irritation: Moderate, can cause redness and dryness
Sensitization: No strong evidence for sensitizer effects in humans
Mutagenicity/Carcinogenicity: Components not listed as carcinogens by IARC, NTP, or OSHA; evidence for genotoxicity lacking
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life at moderate concentrations, possible fish kills in poorly diluted spills
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable in environment; primary breakdown through microbial metabolism
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low, compounds not believed to accumulate appreciably in aquatic organisms
Mobility in Soil: Moderate; risk for groundwater contamination if large release occurs
Other Effects: Oxygen depletion in water bodies may occur from rapid microbial breakdown, leading to fish deaths
Waste Disposal Methods: Treat waste as hazardous, recover or incinerate under controlled conditions complying with local regulations
Container Disposal: Rinse containers thoroughly, puncture or crush, dispose through licensed waste handler
Precautions for Disposal: Do not discharge into drains, waterways, or soil, avoid release to environment, follow regional and national hazardous waste rules
UN Number: UN 1120 (for Isoamyl alcohol and similar alcohols)
Proper Shipping Name: Fusel Oil, Alcohols, n.o.s.
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: III (based on flash point and boiling point)
Labels Required: Flammable liquid (red diamond with flame symbol)
Special Precautions: Keep upright, securely closed, separate from oxidizers during transport
Environmental Hazards During Transport: Marine pollutant not applicable for most components
OSHA: Covered under Hazard Communication Standard, classified as hazardous chemical
EPA: Not specifically listed under CERCLA or SARA Title III, but may trigger reporting depending on volumes released
TSCA: All main components typically listed
Other Regulations: Subject to local fire and industrial chemical controls; European REACH registration may apply for large-scale manufacture or importation
Label Requirements: Name, hazards, precautionary and first aid instructions, supplier identification, hazard pictograms per GHS/CLP
