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Chemical Name: Fumaroyl Chloride (trans-butenedioyl dichloride)
CAS Number: 3562-84-3
Molecular Formula: C4H2Cl2O2
Synonyms: Trans-fumaric acid dichloride
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sharp, pungent odor.
Odor: Similar to acid chlorides, biting and irritating to mucous membranes.
Use: Acts as an intermediate for dyes, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty polymers.
Hazards: Corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory system; produces dangerous fumes upon contact with water or moisture; highly irritating to the mucous membranes.
GHS Classification: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; may cause respiratory irritation.
Pictograms: Corrosive, exclamation mark.
Signal Word: Danger
Immediate Effects: Burning of skin and eyes, cough, shortness of breath, potential for delayed lung injury.
Component: Fumaroyl Chloride (trans)
Chemical Purity: Typically above 99%
Impurities: Minor traces of related acid chlorides or starting materials possible depending on synthesis route.
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes; seek urgent medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash affected area thoroughly with soap and water; medical evaluation advised.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; assist breathing if necessary; medical care for symptoms or exposure.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water; seek medical help immediately.
Notes to Physicians: Pulmonary edema possible; treat symptomatically.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO2, or foam; do not use water directly on fire as it can react violently.
Specific Hazards: Produces hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases on thermal decomposition or contact with water.
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Firefighters need to use self-contained breathing apparatus and full body protection; evacuate area if significant release involved.
Combustion Products: HCl, CO, CO2, phosgene, other toxic gases.
Personal Precautions: Wear protective equipment; avoid inhalation or physical contact.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering water systems or soils.
Containment: Absorb with inert, non-combustible material such as sand or vermiculite; do not use water for absorption.
Cleanup Methods: Shovel into chemical waste containers; ventilate area; neutralize residues cautiously; dispose in accordance with regulations.
Handling: Work inside fume hoods; avoid breathing vapors; use tools to minimize direct handling.
Storage Conditions: Keep in tightly closed containers away from moisture, water, and incompatible substances; cool, well-ventilated, and dry area recommended.
Segregation: Store separately from strong bases, water, alcohols, amines, oxidizers.
Container Materials: Preferably glass or suitable plastic resistant to acid chlorides.
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hoods essential; local exhaust ventilation recommended.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, face shield, acid-resistant gloves, lab coat, chemical-resistant apron.
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved respirators when exposure limits likely to be exceeded.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling; remove contaminated clothing promptly.
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Pungent, acid chloride-like
Molecular Weight: 155.97 g/mol
Boiling Point: 194-196 °C
Melting Point: Not well documented, likely below room temperature
Solubility: Reacts with water, soluble in organic solvents.
Density: Around 1.4 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature, but irritating vapors may accumulate.
Chemical Stability: Stable under dry, cool, inert conditions; hydrolyzes quickly in presence of moisture.
Incompatibility: Reacts violently with water, alcohols, amines, and strong bases.
Decomposition Products: HCl, carbon oxides, phosgene possible at high temperatures or open flame.
Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization not expected.
Acute Effects: Strongly irritating and corrosive to skin, eyes, respiratory tract; can cause burns, redness, pain, blistering.
Chronic Exposure: Extended contact may cause dermatitis or sensitization.
Inhalation Hazards: Exposure can result in pulmonary edema, coughing, chest pain.
Ingestion Risks: Severe mouth, throat, and stomach burns possible.
Carcinogenicity: No classification as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA at this time.
Symptoms of Exposure: Burning sensation, pain, coughing, possible delayed respiratory distress.
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms; low-level releases can disrupt aquatic life due to hydrolysis and acidification.
Persistence and Degradability: Reacts rapidly with water, does not persist as the original compound.
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely due to rapid hydrolysis and degradation in environmental conditions.
Mobility: Not likely to migrate far from spill site due to rapid hydrolysis into water-soluble acids.
Other Ecological Effects: Hydrolyzes to fumaric acid and hydrochloric acid, both can lower pH of water dangerously when spilled.
Waste Handling: Arrange disposal through licensed hazardous waste handler.
Neutralization: Small quantities can be carefully hydrolyzed to harmless acids using dilute sodium carbonate or similar with strong ventilation; larger quantities need professional handling.
Packing: Use sealed, labeled containers; keep away from combustibles, water, and foodstuffs.
Regulations: All disposal practices must comply with local, state, and federal environmental regulations.
UN Number: UN 3265
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive materials)
Packing Group: II
Labeling: Corrosive substance label required on all packages.
Special Precautions for Transport: Protect packages from physical damage; shipments must avoid contact with moisture; keep containers upright and secure.
Spill Protocol During Transit: Emergency response guides for corrosive liquids apply; carriers must have emergency information available.
OSHA Status: Hazardous chemical with requirements for hazard communication under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.
SARA Title III: Listed in Section 313 for hazardous air pollutants when handled in large quantities.
TSCA Status: On the TSCA inventory.
Other Regulatory Notes: Subject to reporting requirements and safety oversight under federal and state laws for storage, use, disposal, and transport.
Workplace Guidelines: Written hazard communication program needed where used, plus training and equipment for emergency response.
