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Chemical Name: Dl-Norepinephrine
Common Names: Noradrenaline
CAS Number: 51-41-2
Intended Use: Used in medical and research applications, often as a neurotransmitter analog or cardiovascular agent
Physical Form: Typically found as a powder or solution for laboratory use
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder, color may shift if degraded by light or contamination
Odor: Odorless in pure form
Molecular Formula: C8H11NO3
Hazards: Acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact; classified as harmful if swallowed or comes in contact with skin
Eye Contact: Causes irritation, possible burns because of catecholamine properties
Skin Contact: Can trigger localized responses including irritation, rash, or systemic effects if absorbed
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, OSHA as carcinogenic, though chronic exposure studies are limited
Sensitization: Potential for allergic reactions in predisposed individuals
Symptoms of Exposure: Headache, rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, palpitations, nervousness
Label Elements: Irritant, health hazard, environmental hazard for aquatic systems if released in large quantities
Active Ingredient: Dl-Norepinephrine (purity varies by supplier; often laboratory grade ranges from 95-99%)
Impurities: May include trace solvents from synthesis, residual salts, moisture
Other Constituents: Usually sold as the bitartrate or hydrochloride salt to improve stability
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, monitor breathing, seek medical attention if symptoms like dizziness or chest pain appear
Skin Contact: Wash area with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing immediately, seek medical advice for irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids to flush out chemical, seek ophthalmic attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, seek immediate medical advice owing to pharmacological effects
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam (accounting for surrounding fire situation)
Specific Hazards: Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides under fire conditions
Protective Equipment: Firefighters need full protective equipment including self-contained breathing apparatus
Fire and Explosion Risks: As an organic compound, not particularly flammable, but hazardous decomposition is always a concern in fires involving chemicals
Personal Precautions: Avoid breathing dust or vapor, use protective gloves and eye protection
Environmental Precautions: Prevent run-off into drains or open water to protect aquatic life
Cleanup Method: Gather spilled material with non-sparking tools, place in dry, closed container for disposal, ventilate area and wash residue away with plenty of water
Handling: Use in a chemical fume hood where possible, wear appropriate lab attire, avoid inhalation and direct contact
Storage: Keep tightly sealed in original packaging, store in cool, dry area away from direct light and incompatible materials like oxidizers
Storage Temperature: Below 25°C preferred, avoid freezing and high humidity to prevent degradation
Incompatibilities: Do not combine with strong acids, bases, or oxidizers; may react and produce hazardous byproducts
Engineering Controls: Laboratories need proper exhaust ventilation and eyewash/safety shower readily available
Personal Protective Equipment: Recommended gear includes lab coat, nitrile gloves, closed-toe shoes, splash goggles
Respiratory Protection: For dust-generating operations or spills, use NIOSH-approved respirators
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse, limit food/drink in work area
Physical State: Solid powder or crystalline
Melting Point: Reported at around 243°C (decomposes)
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol
pH (aqueous solution): Usually acidic if supplied as salt
Vapor Pressure: Low volatility under normal conditions
Density: Data for salts varies, but around 1.67 g/cm³ for base form
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended conditions, sensitive to air and light which promote oxidation
Hazardous Reactions: Mixing with incompatible chemicals may cause decomposition and toxic fume release
Conditions to Avoid: Exposure to light, elevated temperature, moisture
Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, potentially small amounts of phenolic compounds
Acute Toxicity: Orally harmful, rapid physiological effects reflect its role as a neurotransmitter
Chronic Effects: Limited data on chronic exposure; repeated occupational exposure can sensitize heart and nervous system
Routes of Entry: Skin absorption, inhalation, ingestion
Symptoms: Rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, sweating, headache, tremor, shortness of breath, potential for dangerous cardiovascular stimulation
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to fish and aquatic life, especially in significant quantities
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to be broken down by conventional sewage treatment, but high concentrations or spills may pose a threat
Mobility in Soil: Soluble in water, likely to migrate if spilled in aqueous environments
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate in wildlife, but acute toxicity can be a problem for exposed organisms
Waste Disposal: Must be treated as hazardous chemical waste, destroyed by incineration at an approved facility
Environmental Release: Do not dispose via sinks or regular trash
Precautions: Follow federal, regional, and local regulations governing disposal; consult with hazardous waste specialists if uncertain about procedures
Transport Classification: Regulated as a hazardous substance for bulk shipments
Suitability of Containers: Sealed, compatible with organic compounds, clearly labeled
Transport Hazards: Avoid jostling, direct sunlight, high temperature environments during transit
Special Transport Measures: Ensure trained personnel handle shipments, containers are upright, and spills are precluded by good packaging practices
National Regulations: Controlled under chemical safety acts in many countries; not an unrestricted compound
Personal Protection Rules: Laboratory and workplace regulations demand proper labeling and reporting systems
Occupational Exposure Limits: No formal limits established, but best practice remains minimizing airborne or cutaneous exposure
Environmental Controls: Disposal and storage rules require care to prevent accidental release, with penalties for non-compliance, particularly for waterway protection
