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Product Name: Dipivefrin Sodium
Chemical Name: 2,5,7-Triamino-3,6,9-trihydroxy-1,4,8,10-tetraoxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-decahydroanthracene-2,7-diyl disodium salt dihydrate
Synonyms: Dipivefrin, Dipivalyl Epinephrine Sodium Salt
Molecular Formula: C19H27N3Na2O5
CAS Number: 496-65-1
Intended Use: Ophthalmic agent for managing open-angle glaucoma
Manufacturer: Refer to supplier label for contact details and additional support
Emergency Contact: Local national poison control center or manufacturer’s response team number
GHS Classification: Not classified as flammable or explosive; harmful if swallowed; may cause skin or eye irritation
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if inhaled or absorbed through skin; may cause respiratory irritation; may trigger allergic reaction in some individuals
Pictogram: Exclamation mark (irritant), where required
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin, and eye contact
Symptoms: Redness or tearing in eyes, rash or itching on skin, cough or sore throat if inhaled
Substance Name: Dipivefrin Sodium
Concentration: Approximately 100% (pure substance)
Chemical Family: Sympathomimetic amine, prodrug of epinephrine
Molecular Weight: 401.41 g/mol
Other Components: No significant impurities affecting classification; always check label for minor excipients or stabilizers
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with plenty of water for 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids; seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin with plenty of soap and water; seek medical attention for large area exposure or persistent irritation
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; support breathing if necessary; seek medical advice if respiratory symptoms develop or persist
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; do not induce vomiting; obtain urgent medical help if significant amounts swallowed or if feeling unwell
Notes for Physician: Treat symptomatically and provide supportive care as needed
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical powder, foam, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Strong water jet may spread the material
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sodium oxides, and toxic fumes
Protective Equipment: Firefighters use full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Fire Hazards: Dust may form explosible mixture with air; hazardous decomposition possible in closed containers exposed to heat
Personal Precautions: Wear personal protective equipment to avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin or eyes; ensure good ventilation
Environmental Precautions: Prevent product from entering drains, surface water, or soil
Methods for Clean-Up: Scoop up and place spilled material in properly labelled containers for disposal; clean area with water and detergent to remove residue; avoid dust formation during clean-up
Spill Reporting: Report large spills to relevant local authorities
Handling: Work using local exhaust ventilation if dust generation likely; avoid breathing dust or fumes; avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing; wear suitable personal protection
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry, cool, well-ventilated area away from light, moisture, and incompatible materials; avoid excess heat; keep segregated from oxidizing agents
Incompatibilities: Strong acids, bases, oxidizing materials, reducing agents
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas where substance is handled
Occupational Exposure Limits: No established limits for dipivefrin sodium, control exposure as for general pharmaceutical powders
Engineering Controls: Use mechanical ventilation or process enclosure to control airborne dust
Respiratory Protection: Respirator equipped with particle filter (N95 or better) if risk of inhalation exists
Eye Protection: Safety goggles or face shield recommended
Skin Protection: Gloves (nitrile or neoprene recommended), lab coat, and closed footwear
General Protection: Emergency eyewash and safety shower in work area
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline or powder
Odor: Odorless
Odor Threshold: Not available
pH: Near neutral in water
Melting Point: Approximately 248°C (478°F)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Flash Point: Not determined
Flammability: Not classified as flammable
Solubility: Freely soluble in water and alcohol
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperature
Relative Density: 1.4 g/cm³ (approximate)
Partition Coefficient: log P (estimated) less than 2
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes on strong heating, releasing toxic vapors
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; degrades slowly on exposure to moisture or light
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with strong oxidizers and reducers, acids and bases may promote decomposition
Conditions to Avoid: Excess humidity, direct sunlight, high temperatures
Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sodium oxides
Polymerization: Does not occur under normal storage or handling conditions
Acute Toxicity: Estimated oral LD50 (rat) above 1,000 mg/kg; low acute toxicity in animal models
Potential Health Effects: May cause irritation of mucous membranes; pre-existing cardiovascular disorders may worsen after significant systemic absorption; allergic reactions possible with repeated exposure
Skin Sensitization: Low potential but may cause reaction in sensitive users
Chronic Toxicity: No evidence of carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity in available studies
Mutagenicity: Negative in standard bacterial assays
Target Organs: Cardiovascular system (if absorbed in large quantities), eyes (on contact)
Aquatic Toxicity: Limited data available; not expected to be acutely harmful to aquatic organisms in dilute solutions
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to be biodegradable by standard sewage treatment; breakdown accelerated by sunlight
Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation due to high water solubility
Mobility in Soil: May leach to groundwater if released into soil in large amounts
Other Hazards: No known significant hazard to the environment in small quantities from pharmaceutical use
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect and dispose of waste in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations
Product Disposal: Incinerate, or landfill at approved site if permitted; avoid discharge to natural water or sewer without treatment
Container Disposal: Empty containers should be rinsed and offered for recycling or disposal according to applicable regulations
Precautions: Do not allow material to contaminate soil or water during disposal processes
UN Number: Not classified as a dangerous good for transport
Transport Hazard Class: None assigned
Packing Group: Not applicable
Transport Labels: No mandatory hazard labeling required under ADR/RID/IMDG/IATA
Special Precautions: Protect package from physical damage, moisture, and excessive heat during transit
Global Inventories: Listed or exempted on most national chemical inventories
TSCA: Exempt as pharmaceutical ingredient
OSHA Hazard: Regulated as hazardous pharmaceutical agent in some workplace settings
SARA Title III: Not listed as hazardous substance or extremely hazardous substance
California Prop 65: Not listed
WHMIS Classification (Canada): Not controlled under WHMIS
GHS Label Elements: Signal word, hazard, and precautionary statements present on supplied product
Other Regulations: Always follow local workplace and environmental regulations regarding pharmaceuticals
