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Chemical Name: Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride
Common Synonyms: N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
CAS Number: 79-44-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6ClNO
Appearance: Colorless to slightly yellow liquid, pungent odor
Use: Production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, chemical intermediates
Odor Threshold: Pungent, detected at low concentrations—lets you know right away if it’s close by
Hazard Classification: Acute Toxicant (severe inhalation and skin toxicity), Carcinogen, Corrosive
Main Health Risks: Attacks respiratory system on contact. Causes burns on skin and eyes. Inhalation can damage lungs. Long-term exposure raises cancer risk and can cause lasting organ damage.
Environmental Impact: Can contaminate water and soil. Toxic to both plants and animals.
Signal Word: Danger—serious risks, handled carelessly this chemical brings harm fast.
Warning Symbols: Skull and crossbones, corrosion pictogram (GHS), exclamation mark
Main Ingredient: Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (typically above 98%)
Known Impurities: Possible traces of dimethylamine and other chlorinated compounds
Mixture or Pure: Usually handled as pure chemical
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air. Respiratory help often needed, so trained response on site matters.
Skin Contact: Strip contaminated clothing immediately, rinse skin under shower for plenty of minutes. Medical help is a must.
Eye Contact: Flush with clean water, keep eyelids open. Never waste time—permanent damage can set in quickly.
Ingestion: Rinsing mouth is fine, but don’t make anyone vomit. Medical attention critical.
Flammability: Not considered flammable, but reacts with water, giving off toxic gases—things get worse fast.
Decomposition Risks: When heated or burned releases phosgene, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides
Extinguishing Media: Use chemical powders, carbon dioxide—never add water, it reacts violently.
Firefighting Advice: Proper protective gear including self-contained breathing apparatus is a lifesaver. Approach from upwind. Remove any onlookers from area.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area right away. Only trained professionals should respond—no shortcuts.
Cleanup Steps: Use inert absorbents like sand or earth. Never use water. Store recovered material in airtight chemical waste containers.
Ventilation: Maximize ventilation. Fumes build up quickly and are dangerous even in small amounts.
Environmental Precautions: Block drains. Stop spread to soil and sewers, as chemicals react and spread the risk.
Safe Handling: Only trained workers, and only in fume hoods or well-ventilated industrial spaces. No solo work.
Personal Hygiene: Strict, enforced—shower after handling, no eating or drinking near chemical.
Storage Conditions: Keep in tightly sealed steel or glass containers, away from water, alcohols, and strong bases. Store in a secure chemical room set up for toxic substances.
Incompatibilities: Water, strong oxidizers, acids, alcohols—they react instantly and sometimes explosively.
Specific Storage Advice: Keep temperature steady. Label everything clearly.
Workplace Controls: Use closed systems or local exhaust. Continuous air monitoring makes a difference—a leak can be fatal.
Respiratory Protection: Full-face respirators with approved cartridges or supplied-air systems.
Skin and Eye Protection: Chemical splash goggles, face shields, gloves (viton or nitrile, not latex or PVC). Full-body chemical suits, not just lab coats.
Exposure Limits: Some countries set occupational exposure at very low levels (e.g., 0.005 ppm), based on acute toxicity.
Other Protections: Emergency showers, eyewash stations, well-marked and easy to reach.
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow oily liquid
Odor: Sharp, irritating
Boiling Point: About 93–95°C
Melting Point: Not used in practice as a solid; stays liquid at room temperature
Vapor Pressure: High enough at ambient temperatures to reach harmful concentrations quickly
Solubility: Reacts with water, does not just dissolve. Decomposes.
Density: About 1.12 g/cm³ (close to water, but behaves nothing like it)
pH: Acidic if in solution due to hydrolysis
Other Notables: Highly volatile. Releases toxic and corrosive vapors without warning.
Chemical Stability: Stable only in absence of moisture and away from incompatible chemicals.
Reactivity: Explosive reaction with water, with release of gases that are themselves dangerous.
Conditions to Avoid: Humidity, heat, strong light, open air
Incompatible Substances: Water, alcohols, acids, amines, strong bases
Hazardous Decomposition: Phosgene, hydrogen chloride, dimethylamine, and other toxic vapors if burned or in contact with water
Polymerization: Not an issue, but side-products from decomposition are worse than the original risk
Acute Toxicity: Inhalation, absorption, or ingestion causes rapid health decline—respiratory failure, severe burns.
Carcinogenicity: Linked to liver and other cancers from chronic low-level exposure.
Organ Effects: Damages liver, kidneys, and nervous system. Sensitizes skin.
Symptoms of Exposure: Severe coughing, sneezing, skin redness, blistering, eye pain, shortness of breath, chemical burns, confusion, and if concentrated enough, convulsions or death.
Routes of Entry: Skin, eyes, inhalation, accidental ingestion
Long-term Risk: Repeated exposure is not forgiving—cancers, organ failures, chronic lung scarring. Symptoms sometimes take months to surface.
Aquatic Toxicity: Deadly to aquatic animals and microorganisms even at low concentrations.
Persistence: Hydrolyzes quickly in water but forms other dangerous chemicals.
Soil Impact: May migrate through soil, contaminating water tables if spilled.
Bioaccumulation: Does not tend to build up in food chains, but immediate toxicity overshadows long-term ecology.
Advice for Spills: Rapid control needed. Several historical industrial accidents prove a single mistake can clear a river—sometimes for years.
Hazardous Waste: Treated as acutely hazardous waste under most chemical regulations.
Preferred Method: High-temperature incineration in specialized facilities only. Never pour down drains or neutralize with water.
Container Disposal: Must be neutralized and rinsed by professionals. Containers, even empty, still give off dangerous fumes.
Local Regulations: Consult government hazardous waste disposal laws—many require tracking and documentation. No private disposal allowed.
UN Number: 1167 (standard international code for dimethylcarbamoyl chloride)
Hazard Class: 6.1 (toxic substances), additional labels for corrosive risk
Packing Group: I (high danger—minimum packaging standards set by law)
Transport Advice: Specialized containers, only by certified hazardous materials carriers, detailed labeling and emergency plans required.
Incident Prevention: Never transport with incompatible chemicals. Emergency responders need precise shipping papers.
Global Listings: Noted as a controlled substance in many countries; tight purchase and use restrictions.
Carcinogen Status: Classified as a confirmed or probable carcinogen by safety agencies in the US and Europe.
Occupational Regulations: Permissible Exposure Limits are strict—protective equipment not just recommended but enforced.
Reporting Requirements: Laws require immediate reporting of releases. Storage over certain amounts must be declared to safety authorities.
Workplace Standards: Periodic audits, written risk assessments, and worker training act as core requirements.
Recent Changes: Many jurisdictions now demand tighter controls in response to chemical plant accidents worldwide and new research showing increased risk from even minor exposures.
