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Diflufenican came onto the agrochemical scene during the 1980s, born from the steady push for more selective and environmentally mindful weed control in cereal crops. Synthetic chemists recognized that many traditional herbicides were falling out of favor due to regulatory pressures and weed resistance. What started as basic research in arylpicolinates branched into dozens of related molecules, but diflufenican offered a sweet spot: reliable weed suppression and a comparatively friendlier profile for soil and water. Over the decades, it earned a place in the standard toolkit of grain farmers across Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia. The journey from lab to field involved many iterations—tweaks driven by feedback from both agronomists and environmental health agencies—which forced the industry to improve synthesis routes and refine application guidelines.
Cases of resistant broadleaf and grassy weeds drove early adoption of diflufenican-based products. The compound’s core appeal lies in its role as a pre- and early post-emergence herbicide, usually paired with other actives to knock out stubborn species like cleavers, chickweed, and speedwell. By offering long residual soil activity, diflufenican puts a buffer between crops and weed competition during crucial early growth stages. Many growers see the value in its broad-spectrum control and flexibility—it gets tank-mixed with flufenacet or iodosulfuron to target wider weed spectrums and prevent resistance. You’ll spot diflufenican prominently in brands such as ‘Diflanil,’ ‘Othello OD,’ and mixtures tailored for wheat, barley, and rye fields, providing a familiar sight on farm supply shelves in grain-producing regions.
Diflufenican stands out with its crystalline solid form, gleaming white with a faint yellow tinge, and a faintly sweet odor that drifts off the powder. It has low water solubility—less than 0.1 mg/L at room temperature—which changes how it interacts with soil particles and reduces leaching risk. The compound contains fluorine and a nicotinic acid base, making it stable under typical field conditions. With a melting point above 150°C and vapor pressure so low it barely registers, diflufenican sticks around where it’s needed rather than drifting off-site. Its octanol-water partition coefficient leans toward moderate hydrophobicity, meaning it adsorbs well to organic matter but keeps clear of excessive bioaccumulation. These characteristics shape its mobility, persistence, and the way farmers time applications to avoid run-off.
Most commercial diflufenican products arrive as water-dispersible granules, emulsifiable concentrates, or suspension concentrates, usually containing 50 to 500 grams per liter of active ingredient. Labels must spell out active content, recommended rates, and approved crops with absolute clarity. Detailed guidance for mixing, safe storage, and shelf life allows operators to minimize waste and cut accidental overdosing. The product label also speaks to crucial safety information, including required personal protective equipment—think nitrile gloves, goggles, and coveralls. Regulatory agencies like the EU and Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority mandate residues to fall well below set safety thresholds, enforcing maximum application rates per hectare and strict preharvest intervals. These standards keep residues in food crops low and help foster public trust in residue monitoring programs.
Chemical manufacturing of diflufenican usually starts by combining a fluorinated aniline with a nicotinic acid derivative under controlled conditions. This backbone construction proceeds with halogenation steps and cyclization, yielding a raw product that must undergo meticulous purification. Crystallization and solvent washing pull out unwanted byproducts. Manufacturers rely on batch and continuous-flow reactors, precise temperature control, and high-efficiency filtration systems to scale up safely and consistently. Each step in the process gets closely monitored for yield, purity, and environmental emissions. Investment in cleaner synthesis over the last decade shrank hazardous waste output and boosted recovery rates of valuable solvents. In practical factory settings, closed systems and routine leak checks form the backbone of operator safety and environmental stewardship.
The chemical backbone of diflufenican allows scope for tweaking its reactivity in the lab—researchers explore esterification and amide formation to create analogues with improved crop selectivity or faster breakdown rates in certain soils. Oxidative modification, especially, targets metabolite profiling for residue analysis. Hydrolysis yields key intermediates used to monitor environmental persistence and simulate breakdown during composting. While diflufenican’s core structure resists attack by most common field enzymes, ongoing R&D sharpens understanding of possible degradation in the presence of UV light, microbes, and alkaline pH. These insights guide predictions for off-target movement and help engineers design next-generation herbicides with even cleaner exit profiles.
Diflufenican answers to several names on the global stage. Chemically, it shows up as N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]nicotinamide, rolling off few tongues in everyday farming circles. Colloquial terms like “DFF,” “diflanil,” and familiar trade brands like “Diflufenican 500 SC” are easier to spot. Every country with a registration system keeps its own ledger of approved and banned synonyms. Supply magazines, product catalogues, and ag industry handbooks list the different variations—3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenoxynicotinanilide and several alphabet codes—serving as a cross-reference for farmers and agricultural advisors trying to avoid confusion during purchasing or compliance checks.
Workplace safety around diflufenican plays out in real terms every day during mixing, loading, and field application. Users face acute risk from dust inhalation and accidental skin contact, especially during filling or cleaning of spray gear. Companies supply detailed risk assessment templates, from transport to storage and waste disposal. Standard operating procedures encourage buddy systems during handling, emergency spill kits at the mixing shed, and clean water nearby for eye flushes. The product’s chemical stability reduces the likelihood of violent decomposition, but long-term exposure studies push for improvements—gloves must resist not just splashes, but sustained handling. Labeling requirements hammer home the “keep out of reach of children” principle, along with drift management and proper post-application re-entry intervals. Global harmonization of labeling and safety data sheets remains a work in progress, but real-world injury rates have dropped as training and PPE have improved.
Cereal growers rely heavily on diflufenican where early weed competition slashes yield potential. Wheat and barley fields take center stage, but oat, rye, triticale, and a handful of specialty broadacre crops feature prominently too. Pasture renovators occasionally lean on it for annual weed knockdown, using it in low doses that minimize impact on clover or lucerne. Landscape managers and roadside authorities make calculated use of diflufenican in low-maintenance grass strips, aiming for clean corridors without harming beneficial groundcovers. Regional regulations steer where, when, and how much diflufenican gets sprayed. Rainfall patterns, soil clay content, and crop rotation cycles all factor into timing and dose. Combined with other herbicides, it pulls extra weight in resistance management programs, buying time for integrated weed strategies that reduce total chemical loadings. In some zones, diflufenican serves as the last line of defense against species showing multiple resistance to ALS inhibitors or phenoxy acids.
Research groups track resistance evolution, environmental fate, and emerging off-target impacts. Analyses of soil microbial communities illuminate how diflufenican breaks down under various field regimes—data that feeds directly into new application advice. Formulation scientists develop slow-release granules and microencapsulated liquids, aiming to stretch weed control windows and trim losses to run-off. Geneticists map out weed populations evolving new resistance mutations; they study rotational strategies that halt gene flow. Real-world field trials capture subtle shifts in weed demographics, helping growers recalibrate tank mixes without wasting inputs. Machine learning tools speed up data crunching on application timing and weather, offering smarter advice to those who spend long days scouting or spraying.
Long-term animal studies indicate diflufenican’s acute toxicity sits in a lower tier by oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. Regulatory dossiers show no mutagenic or carcinogenic red flags at approved rates. Researchers focus a microscope on sub-lethal and chronic endpoints, like subtle liver stress and minor shifts in blood chemistry in high-dose rat or dog studies. Aquatic species, especially algae and daphnia, face higher risk with direct exposure—water monitoring programs in sensitive catchments spot-check for off-site drift after heavy rains. Honeybee and beneficial insect toxicity draws continual scrutiny, guided by experience from populations near treated fields. Regulators push for buffer strips, low-drift nozzles, and stricter spray timing rules. Open access to raw data builds public trust—parents, landowners, and rural workers want true transparency about what lands in food and water. New toxicology techniques probe trace breakdown products for endocrine and developmental risks, even as real-world exposures trend lower each season thanks to GPS-guided spraying and improved nozzle tech.
Wider integration of digital farming, satellite mapping, and predictive weather models shape a fresh trajectory for diflufenican use—more eyes on weed patches, less room for blanket treatments. Sustainable farming groups challenge the industry to reduce chemical footprints and embrace next-gen hybrids or stacked trait varieties, which may in turn change where diflufenican fits. Regulatory agencies in key grain exporters reevaluate old molecules with a sharper lens on groundwater safety and non-target plant drift, driving R&D budgets toward new analogues with quicker breakdown and tighter selectivity. As pushback mounts on chemical leftovers in food, formulations shift to microencapsulation and dose minimization, with engineers racing to balance agronomic performance and health benchmarks. The world’s farmers feel real pressure to meet rising demand for staple crops on shrinking arable land—diflufenican, always evolving, plays its part in helping fields stay productive without sliding back to old, wasteful hand-weeding or wide-spectrum burn down approaches. Farmers and scientists alike keep learning, trading tips, and searching for the next big leap in safe, sustainable weed management.
Walk a winter wheat field after a rainy autumn, and most growers will point out broadleaf weeds pushing up through the soil. Blackgrass, cleavers, and chickweed do more than just crowd crops; they cut yields and cost money. Diflufenican comes up in almost every conversation about reliable herbicides. Used for controlling a variety of these weeds, diflufenican makes a noticeable difference before weeds can hurt young cereals.
Diflufenican doesn’t kill weeds overnight. Its value sits in how it stunts early growth, leaving them small and easy to manage. It acts through the leaves and soil, blocking light-dependent processes inside the plant so weeds can’t make enough chlorophyll. Broadleaf weeds shrivel before anyone reaches for a hoe. Cereal crops, like wheat and barley, survive because they handle diflufenican much better than the unwanted invaders.
No-till and minimum tillage farming have given weeds more places to hide and tougher roots. In these systems, a powerful herbicide keeps crops productive and landowners happy. UK government data from AHDB shows yields drop sharply once broadleaf infestations build up. Farmers tell me they don’t care about brand names; they care about tools that really keep pressure off their main cash crop. Diflufenican gives them more control and less last-minute panic at spraying time.
Every herbicide faces the same problem: resistance. Blackgrass is the headline example, but other weeds adjust to repeated spraying, bouncing back with each season. Overuse of diflufenican, mixed with other chemicals or used alone, leads to patches where usual rates stop working. The Weed Resistance Action Group warns everyone about cycling herbicides and mixing in other controls. I’ve seen fields where a single mode of action was used too many seasons and now farmers must pay for expensive hand-rogueing or even switch crops just to survive.
Relying on diflufenican alone brings problems. Simple crop rotation and timing reduce the odds of seeing superweeds dominate a field. Mixing diflufenican with herbicides like flufenacet or pendimethalin spreads out the chemical stress, making resistance less likely. Keeping records and monitoring weeds each season pays off. Reading labels matters, especially with pre-emergence herbicides—the wrong dose or timing can knock back crops instead of weeds.
Soil type, weather during sowing, and weed history make a difference in how well diflufenican works. I’ve seen wetter autumns dilute its effect, so choosing the right spray window matters as much as picking the product itself. Walk fields early and look for regrowth. Rotate with different herbicides, and make sure sprayers never overlap too heavily. Technology is catching up too, with GPS sprayers and data logs helping to keep the product where it belongs.
Regulators like the UK’s HSE and the EU keep tight limits on how much diflufenican farmers use per acre. Higher residues risk export bans and health warnings. Proper sprayer calibration and drift control help keep the chemical away from water and non-target plants. Most authorities list diflufenican as having low human toxicity when handled right, but wearing gloves and following safety data sheets makes sense. Every good operator takes pride in keeping both the field and the supply chain safe, so future harvests don’t pay the price for shortcuts now.
Farmers and groundskeepers have wrestled with weeds for generations. A patch of unwanted grass or broad-leaved weeds can choke out desired crops, drain nutrients from the soil, and even make a field look unmanaged. Diflufenican steps in as a pre-emergent and early post-emergent herbicide targeting those pesky intruders, especially in cereals and turf.
The active ingredient comes from the nicotinanilide chemical group. In my own experience, having watched its use on both small-scale sports fields and larger wheat farms, I’ve seen it play a big role in keeping sites free of competition. The most interesting part isn’t just what it does, but how it attacks the weed problem.
Weeds soak up diflufenican mostly through their shoots and roots. The moment they encounter it in the soil, the chemical messes with carotenoid biosynthesis, leaving the plant with fewer pigments to guard against sunlight. Once you cut off a weed’s ability to produce these pigments, its cells start to break down, often going pale, then white as they die off. Those chlorotic patches on a leaf—evidence the herbicide is working—are a familiar sight for anyone who cares for lawns or manages crops.
What really matters is selectivity. Diflufenican fights off broad-leaved weeds while leaving cereal crops like wheat, barley, and oats untouched under proper application. That keeps yield intact, lets growers avoid blanket soil sterilization, and fits into integrated weed management approaches.
I’ve seen farmers switch away from harsher, older herbicides in favor of options like diflufenican because they worry about runoff and persistence. The product’s soil half-life ranges from a few weeks to a couple of months, depending on rain, temperature, and soil type. Its low water solubility cuts back on movement through the environment, which lowers the risk of reaching groundwater—but it doesn’t mean the risk disappears.
Reports from the UK and Australia suggest careful handling and proper buffer zones still matter because any misapplication or unexpected weather can carry the product away from target areas. For those working outside, protective gear and attention to the label can help avoid skin or eye irritation. Manufacturers have made progress in making instructions clearer, but no chemical offers a free pass from risks, especially if it gets misused.
No herbicide answers all weed problems. After years of use, weeds adapt, some building tolerance and surviving future doses. Rotating herbicides and blending in mechanical removal or cover crops stays important. I’ve heard from neighbors who rotate diflufenican with glyphosate or hand-weeding in problem spots, seeing fewer escapes over time than folks who stick to a single approach.
Education tops the list for improving outcomes. Product stewardship demands more than just following the label; it involves knowing your weeds, weather patterns, soil conditions, and local regulations. I’ve seen the best results when farmers train new staff with real-life examples of what can go right or wrong. Learning from failures, talking to other users, and reviewing independent research together can help patch blind spots that might hurt yields or the environment down the line.
Herbicides don’t solve our weed problems overnight. Diflufenican, for its part, gives growers and groundskeepers a tool that targets some of the toughest weeds while sparing crops. Responsible use, smart education, and a willingness to adapt can bring lasting value—helping preserve both livelihoods and landscapes for the long haul.
Walking through wheat fields, I’ve seen diflufenican at work. Fewer weeds, steadier growth, a straightforward crop to manage. Farmers like reliable results. With weeds kept in check, harvest can keep up with an unpredictable market.
Diflufenican tackles broadleaf weeds and some grasses in cereals, oilseed rape, and other crops. The chemical blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, starving weeds of chlorophyll protection. They bleach out, they die. Crops outcompete weeds and finish the season in good shape, or at least that’s the goal.
Folks living near farmland sometimes notice run-off or a musty smell after spraying. Diflufenican doesn’t just vanish after it lands. Studies in Europe show it sticks around in soil for several months. Rain can push residues into streams. In rivers and lakes, diflufenican lingers. Researchers at the UK’s Centre for Ecology & Hydrology flagged this persistence — not just in water but in sediment and even aquatic plants.
Wildlife can feel the effects. Diflufenican sits at concentrations that disrupt algae. Less food for water bugs, fewer insects for birds. Amphibians breeding in farm ponds swim through these leftovers.
The World Health Organization places diflufenican in a low-toxicity class. It’s not a heavy hitter like some old-school herbicides. With proper handling, risk to applicators remains low. Food monitoring in Europe and Australia hasn’t shown worrying levels in grain or oilseeds.
Trouble comes with spills, poor application, or heavy rain after use. Authorities in Germany and Poland have documented groundwater contamination after repeated use. Here, the chemical finds its way into wells, and sometimes treatment isn’t enough to remove every trace.
Farmers often follow “best practice” guidelines. Waiting for calm weather, adjusting dosage, and leaving buffer strips along streams makes a difference. Some growers use GPS-guided sprayers to stay off ditches and waterways. Changing up modes of action in herbicide rotations also prevents weeds from getting resistant.
Organic and regenerative farmers argue for less chemical input. They add compost, plant cover crops, and let livestock graze fields to keep weeds in check — an approach with fewer chemical worries but added management work. Results are mixed. Some years, weeds bounce back stronger than ever.
Regulators keep an eye on the science. The European Food Safety Authority reassessed diflufenican in 2021, keeping it approved but urging tighter restrictions in wetland areas. Australia’s APVMA tightened label instructions for drift and run-off. Companies look at new herbicide formulas that break down faster or target a narrower spectrum of weeds.
People living downstream from heavy agriculture want answers — not just the same chemicals every year. Supporting farmer-led trials, investing in precision tech, and funding research into new weed control tools can keep food safe and fields productive. The balance between safe food, clean water, and affordable crops matters to everyone, whether growing wheat or just eating it.
Farmers and agronomists in the real world don’t want any more guesswork when it comes to herbicides. Diflufenican gets recommended for broadleaf weed control, especially in cereal crops. How much to use makes a huge difference between good weed control and crop damage.
Weather, soil type, and crop growth stage all shape the right dose. Too little diflufenican and weeds like chickweed and speedwell can rob yield. Too much and you risk harming the crop, especially if conditions turn colder or wetter than expected. From experience, precision on rates doesn’t just protect profit—it's about making sure stewardship around chemicals stays in line with evolving safety standards.
Diflufenican is often applied early post-emergence in cereals. Standard rates in most of Europe range from 0.025 to 0.05 kg active ingredient per hectare on winter wheat and barley, according to companies like BASF and Bayer. This usually means 250-500 ml of product for every hectare, depending on the formulation. These figures align well with results from field trials and on-farm use.
Going over 0.05 kg ai/ha rarely improves weed control but raises the risk of crop effects, especially in lighter soils and in cool, wet springs. Some resistant populations develop if rates drop too low or get over-used on the same land year after year. Regularly rotating with other herbicide groups limits this risk.
Checking recent rainfall and soil moisture before going out with the sprayer pays back. Heavy rain just after application can move diflufenican into the crop’s root zone, leading to bleaching and slowed growth. Well-established plants usually recover, but those losses can take a bite out of yield.For stony or sandy soils, staying at the lower end of label rates helps avoid crop damage. Clay soils can handle full rates better, but even then, overspraying patches or overlapping passes can stress crops. Regular nozzle checks and accurate equipment calibration make the most difference based on my own work with local growers.
Farmers today face growing scrutiny from retailers and regulators over chemical use. Sticking to the recommended rates of diflufenican, backed by science and years of hands-on use, strengthens the case that agriculture acts responsibly. Extension services and independent crop consultants serve an important role, translating complicated labels and trial data into working advice for real fields.Keeping spray records, rotating herbicide groups, and double-checking weather forecasts has helped protect both crops and the image of British agriculture. With crop input costs rising, hitting that sweet spot with diflufenican—never over or under—pays off every single season.
Sprayer operators who keep a close eye on label rates and stewardship guidelines help secure margins and maintain trust with consumers. Tools like online rate calculators, in-field water testing kits, and detailed field notes keep diflufenican working year after year. The goal is always clear: strong crops, clean fields, and a reputation for doing things right.
Farmers see a lot of weeds trying to take over their crops each season. Some of these intruders, like chickweed and cleavers, can choke out seedlings and spoil yields. Others, like mayweed or shepherd’s purse, keep pushing back year after year. A tool called diflufenican offers help, but only for certain targets. This herbicide holds a place in a grower’s toolbox for its power against a handful of the most stubborn broadleaf weeds.
Out in the field, diflufenican hits annual broadleaf weeds harder than grasses. Galium aparine, better known as cleavers or catchweed, causes headaches in cereal crops. Diflufenican strips cleavers’ green color, stopping them from smothering young wheat or barley. I’ve watched it work in spring, leaving cleavers limp and yellowed while crops kept growing.
Chickweed (Stellaria media) gives gardeners and big-acre growers fits. It grows in cool, damp conditions, just like most autumn-planted cereals. Diflufenican checks chickweed before it spreads seeds that hang around for years. The same goes for shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), a small broadleaf that never seems to quit. Farmers trust diflufenican to stamp out new flushes before they reach flowering.
Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) and mayweed (Matricaria spp.) join this list. Their fast spread and rapid return mean early action makes a real difference. Diflufenican puts a stop to these weeds’ progress, helping preserve crop rows during their vulnerable stages.
This herbicide doesn’t solve everything. It barely dents grass weeds such as wild oats and ryegrass. Brome and blackgrass, two tough customers for UK wheat and barley fields, need other products and strategies. I’ve seen fields where a farmer relied on diflufenican alone, only to watch grassy weeds come roaring back. Even broadleaf weeds like poppy and speedwell sometimes show partial resistance, growing despite treatment if conditions aren’t right.
Getting diflufenican to work as intended comes down to timing and positioning. Pre-emergence treatments set up a barrier, especially in autumn, keeping chickweed and cleavers from sprouting with crops. Attacking weeds with a mix—pairing diflufenican with flufenacet or pendimethalin, for instance—broadens the range of weeds hammered down. Rotating herbicides slows resistance, a problem I’ve seen worsen if the same chemical gets sprayed season after season.
For organic matter-rich soils or during cold, damp spells, diflufenican can sometimes show less control. Weeds might recover if rain washes it away or if thick crop trash shields seeds. Calibration counts; applying the right dose means expensive chemistry does its work instead of missing target weeds. Local advisors and independent trials help tailor rates and tank mixes based on conditions each season.
Diflufenican’s value lies in how it helps manage cleavers, chickweed, groundsel, mayweed, and shepherd’s purse. Its limits remind growers about the need for integrated approaches. Rotating crops, using mechanical weeding, and tossing in cover crops all help keep problem weeds off balance. Using diflufenican as one piece of a bigger strategy supports healthy yields—and sustainable soils—for future harvests.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide |
| Other names |
Buctrilone Chlorylphenican Diflanil Otavio |
| Pronunciation | /daɪˌfluːˈfɛnɪkæn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 83164-33-4 |
| Beilstein Reference | 136523 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:7552 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1387 |
| ChemSpider | 212002 |
| DrugBank | DB11478 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03b171b0-5cd0-44d5-84de-7e1b11480e26 |
| EC Number | CAS 83164-33-4 |
| Gmelin Reference | 746004 |
| KEGG | C18510 |
| MeSH | D006563 |
| PubChem CID | 86313 |
| RTECS number | NJ2N1504TL |
| UNII | DT56OD7S9A |
| UN number | 3077 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C19H11F5N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 330.123 g/mol |
| Appearance | Pale yellow crystalline solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.46 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | 0.101 mg/L (20 °C) |
| log P | 2.8 |
| Vapor pressure | 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ mmHg (25 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | pKa = 3.73 |
| Basicity (pKb) | pKb = 3.98 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -74.0e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.627 |
| Viscosity | Viscosity: 500 mPa·s |
| Dipole moment | 3.99 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 577.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) of Diflufenican: -610.7 kJ·mol⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -4952 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | QY630 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Causes eye irritation. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS07,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H317, H319, H373, H410 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P330, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-1-0 |
| Flash point | 220 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 410 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ oral, rat: >2000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose) of Diflufenican: "Over 2,000 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| NIOSH | WQW502 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 0.1 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | 50 g a.i./ha |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Fluazolate Fluorodifen Bifenox |
