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Product Name: Daunorubicin Hydrochloride
Chemical Name: (8S,9S)-8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione hydrochloride
CAS Number: 23541-50-6
Synonyms: Daunomycin hydrochloride, Cerubidine hydrochloride
Recommended Use: Pharmaceutical ingredient, cytotoxic agent
Supplier: Sourced from licensed pharmaceutical entities or laboratories
Contact Details: Listed on commercial packaging from suppliers
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Carcinogenicity, Reproductive toxicity, Organ toxicity with repeated exposure
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: May cause cancer; causes serious eye irritation; toxic if swallowed, inhaled or in contact with skin; possible risk of impaired fertility; damages organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, Health hazard, Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Do not handle without proper training or PPE; avoid all contact; wash contaminated skin thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink or smoke during use
Chemical Composition: Daunorubicin Hydrochloride as the active ingredient
Purity: Ranges from technical grade (95%+) to pharmaceutical formulation
Impurities: Potential presence of hydrochloride counterion, trace synthetic by-products within pharmaceutical specifications
Mixture Details: Contains excipients only in finished drug formulations; pure chemical in laboratory-grade powder
Inhalation: Remove affected person to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention if breathing complications occur; support breathing as required.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; flush skin with plenty of running water and mild soap; seek medical help if irritation appears.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly for a minimum of 15 minutes with clean water; remove contact lenses if applicable; get medical aid quickly.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical advice; provide product label if possible.
Urgent Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, coughing, respiratory distress, severe irritation, reddening of skin or eyes
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water mist, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam. Avoid direct streams of water.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride and potentially other organic compounds
Protective Equipment: Firefighters require self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing
Additional Advice: Prevent run-off from firefighting to rivers and drains; isolate fire scene
Personal Precautions: Wear full PPE including gloves, respiratory mask, goggles, and laboratory coat
Methods for Clean-Up: Do not dry sweep. Use damp paper towels or absorbent materials for small spills. Larger spills need specialist hazardous waste handling. Collect into containers for chemical waste. Clean area with detergent solution.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so; avoid discharge into environment; notify appropriate authorities if contamination occurs
Decontamination: Use chemical deactivators suitable for anthracyclines, followed by thorough rinse with water
Precautions: Use engineering controls and PPE; avoid aerosol and dust formation; restrict access to trained personnel.
Safe Handling: Work under an approved fume hood, avoid eating, drinking, and smoking in area; wash hand thoroughly after handling.
Storage: Store under refrigeration (2-8°C) and protect from light; keep container tightly closed and labelled; segregate from incompatible chemicals such as strong oxidizers, bases, and reducing agents.
Packaging: Use shatter-proof, sealed containers clearly marked with contents.
Engineering Controls: Use certified chemical fume hoods, local exhaust ventilation if needed
Personal Protection: Lab coat or gown, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles, face shield for high-risk tasks, respiratory protection if dust or aerosols present
Occupational Exposure Limits: None formally set by OSHA; treat as hazardous cytotoxic agent; minimize exposure as much as possible by all practical means
Hygiene Measures: Take off contaminated clothing; avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing; launder work clothing separately
Appearance: Red to reddish-orange crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless or slight chemical odor
Molecular Weight: 579.99 g/mol
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Melting Point: Not precisely defined; decomposes at > 200°C
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in dichloromethane
pH: Typically between 3.0 and 5.0 (1% solution in water)
Partition Coefficient: Log P about 1.27 at 25°C
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Stability: Light-sensitive, degrades in alkaline medium
Chemical Stability: Stable only under recommended conditions (protected from light, refrigerated)
Reactivity: Can degrade with strong bases, strong acids, and light exposure
Hazardous Reactions: Avoid with oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents
Decomposition Products: May release carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride upon combustion or decomposition
Polymerization: No hazardous polymerization known
Acute Toxicity: Highly toxic via oral, dermal, and inhalation routes; single dose in animals causes toxicity at very low mg/kg
Chronic Toxicity: Known to cause bone marrow suppression, cardiotoxicity, and mutagenicity in repeat exposure studies
Carcinogenicity: Classified as a possible human carcinogen (IARC Group 2A)
Reproductive Toxicity: Shown to cause teratogenicity and fertility impairment in animal models
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, eye contact
Symptoms: Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, tissue necrosis at contact sites
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Harmful or toxic to aquatic organisms at low concentrations
Persistence and Degradability: Not readily biodegradable; persistent in the environment
Bioaccumulative Potential: Limited bioaccumulation expected
Mobility in Soil: May leach into groundwater given proper conditions, particularly if spillage is not contained
Other Adverse Effects: Presents long-term risks to environment if not disposed appropriately
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of as hazardous pharmaceutical waste in accordance with national, regional, and institutional requirements; incineration at chemical waste incinerators with afterburner and scrubber
Packaging Disposal: Triple rinse empty containers; treat rinsate as hazardous; follow institution protocol for sharps and cytotoxic materials
Special Precautions: Trained personnel only; avoid recycling or landfill
UN Number: 2811
Proper Shipping Name: Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (contains daunorubicin HCl)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Marine Pollutant: No, but avoid discharge into environment
Transport Precautions: Secure primary container, secondary leak-proof enclosure, and clear cytotoxic labeling
Regulatory Compliance: Must comply with local DOT, IMDG, ICAO/IATA requirements
OSHA Status: Hazardous chemical
TSCA / REACH Status: Not listed for consumer or general industrial use; restricted for pharmaceutical or research only
WHMIS Classification (Canada): D1A – Very toxic material; D2A – Other toxic effects
SARA Title III: Not specifically listed; considered hazardous when handled in bulk quantities
FDA: Approved only for designated uses; prescription and professional handling required
EU Classification: Carcinogen Category 2, Toxic for reproduction, Toxic by ingestion
Other Local Regulation: Ensure compliance with hazardous substances legislation, pharmaceutical handling and waste disposal guidelines applicable in the handling jurisdiction
