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Product Name: Cyclophosphamide
Chemical Formula: C7H15Cl2N2O2P
Synonyms: Cytoxan, Endoxan, Procytox
CAS Number: 50-18-0
Recommended Use: Antineoplastic agent, Chemotherapy drug
Manufacturer: Various international pharmaceutical companies
Emergency Contact: Refer to local poison control center or emergency medical service
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Inhalation, Dermal), Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: May cause cancer; Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin; Causes serious eye irritation; May damage fertility or the unborn child
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective glove, clothing, and eye protection; Wash thoroughly after handling; Avoid breathing dust or vapor
Chemical Name: Cyclophosphamide
Concentration: 99% (typically in pharmaceutical grade)
Impurities: Water of hydration, sodium chloride (if in solution form), trace organic process residues
Component Ranges: Active ingredient >95%, residual solvents & process chemicals <5%
Inhalation: Move the affected person to fresh air; seek medical attention immediately for breathing difficulty; administer oxygen if trained
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, flush affected area with water for at least 15 minutes; use soap; obtain medical attention
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, keep eyelids open, remove contact lenses if present; seek immediate medical aid
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; consult medical personnel immediately; monitor for nausea, vomiting, or symptoms of toxicity (immune suppression, mucosal injury)
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, water spray
Specific Hazards: Toxic fumes may evolve (nitrogen oxides, phosphorous oxides, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide)
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Special Procedures: Avoid inhalation of combustion products; cool sealed drums with water spray to prevent rupture
Personal Precautions: Use respiratory protection, chemical-resistant gloves, and coveralls; restrict unprotected personnel
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from reaching drains, surface water, or soil; avoid contaminating groundwater
Cleanup Methods: Scoop spilled material with non-sparking tools; absorb solution spills on vermiculite or inert absorbent; dispose of collected waste in labeled containers for hazardous waste; ventilate area and decontaminate surfaces with appropriate detergent
Safe Handling Advice: Use in well-ventilated areas under chemical fume hoods; minimize dust and avoid spills; wear full PPE at all times; do not eat, drink, or smoke near work area
Storage Conditions: Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C), away from light, moisture, and incompatible chemicals; keep container tightly closed; segregate from acids, oxidizers, and foodstuffs
Storage Container: Use original packaging or chemical-resistant, clearly labeled containers; ensure containment to guard against breakage or leakage
Control Parameters: No specific occupational exposure limit set by OSHA or ACGIH; minimize exposure to as low as reasonably practicable
Engineering Controls: Exhaust ventilation, local fume extraction, negative pressure work areas
Personal Protective Equipment: Nitrile or double latex gloves, protective gown, chemical splash goggles, face shield, NIOSH-approved respirator for powder or aerosolized material, shoe covers; regular glove changes are essential
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before breaks, after handling, and upon leaving worksite; do not reuse contaminated clothing
Appearance: White crystalline powder, sometimes supplied as a sterile solution
Odor: Faint, characteristic smell, slightly musty
Molecular Weight: 261.1 g/mol
Melting Point: 51-53°C
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, acetone
pH (of solution): 4-7
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Partition Coefficient: (log Kow): -0.11
Stability in Solution: Hydrolyzes over time; unstable above room temperature or in acidic or basic solutions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids, bases, and oxidizers
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended conditions, decomposes when exposed to moisture, elevated temperature, or light
Hazardous Reactions: Exothermic with oxidizers; hydrolysis may produce toxic byproducts
Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, phosphorous oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, humidity, direct sunlight, contact with incompatible substances
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, absorption through skin
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): 120 mg/kg; LD50 (dermal, rabbit): 480 mg/kg
Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, immune suppression, anemia, mucositis, hair loss, possible liver and kidney damage
Chronic Effects: Known human carcinogen (IARC Group 1); causes mutagenic effects, infertility, birth defects
Sensitization: Reports of allergic reactions and skin sensitization
Target Organs: Bone marrow, lymphatic system, bladder, reproductive organs
Other Risks: Teratogenic and genotoxic effects
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms; potential for bioaccumulation is low
Persistence: Degrades slowly in the environment under standard conditions
Degradability: Hydrolyzes in water to form less hazardous compounds over time
Mobility: Moderate soil mobility; may leach to groundwater
Bioaccumulation: Evidence suggests bioaccumulation is unlikely in aquatic or terrestrial organisms
Special Concerns: Disposal and accidental releases can disrupt local ecosystems; handle as hazardous pharmaceutical waste
Waste Treatment Methods: Incinerate in a chemical incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse, then dispose as hazardous waste; do not reuse containers
Precautions: Do not allow material to enter soil, drains, or water courses; use authorized waste management firms
Local Regulations: Dispose according to national and regional hazardous waste requirements for cytotoxics
UN Number: UN2811 (for toxic solid, organic, n.o.s.)
Proper Shipping Name: Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (Cyclophosphamide)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Marine Pollutant: Not classified as marine pollutant under IMDG but dangerous to aquatic life
Special Precautions: Ensure containers are tightly closed, upright, and clearly labeled; transport only as permitted by law; secure containment to prevent physical damage and leakage
Regulatory Requirements: Drivers and handlers require training in chemical and hazardous waste transport
OSHA Hazard: Recognized as hazardous under OSHA regulations
TSCA / DSL Status: Not listed for general commercial use; prescription-only, controlled access
SARA Title III: Not specifically listed, but may be subject to reporting in large quantities
IARC Classification: Group 1 carcinogen (carcinogenic to humans)
RCRA Status: Classified as hazardous waste U058
EU Regulation: Covered under REACH Regulation as a Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC); CLP Regulation applies
Other Information: Follow institutional and government regulations for cytotoxic materials, including annual training, exposure monitoring, and waste controls
