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Cumene hydroperoxide didn’t show up overnight. Its roots stretch back to the mid-20th century, molded by the demands of industrial chemistry. Chemists found that the seemingly simple cumene molecule, once oxidized, opened up new routes toward phenol and acetone—two foundational compounds for plastics, resins, and pharmaceuticals. Years ago, industries relied on more direct and often harsher routes. Using cumene hydroperoxide as an intermediate marked a turning point by offering a more efficient pathway for large-scale phenol production. Over time, the purity levels available—from modest grades to highly concentrated versions like 90-98%—mirrored the growing sophistication in distillation, stabilization, and supply chain handling. This step forward wasn’t just about making more chemicals but improving yields, product quality, and workplace safety by limiting contaminants and side reactions.
Cumene hydroperoxide in the high-purity range looks deceptively simple. With concentrations between 90% and 98%, diluted by no more than 10% of a type A stabilizer, you’re dealing with a water-white to pale yellow liquid. The faintly aromatic odor betrays its hydrocarbon heritage. Don’t let the quiet appearance fool you, though—this stuff packs quite a punch. With a boiling point higher than water, it refuses to evaporate quickly, making it manageable in controlled environments. The compound’s density sits above 1 g/cm³, showing that in most accidental spill scenarios, it’ll sink, not float. Chemical behavior calls for respect—mixed with strong reducing agents, acids, or heavy metals, things can turn unpredictable. Its organic peroxide backbone makes it prone to violent decomposition under heat or shock. In a lab, I’ve seen similar peroxides ignite with little provocation, usually signaled first by a sharp smell or by white mist creeping up the side of a flask.
Handling Cumene hydroperoxide at these concentrations means clear protocols and honest labeling. The container must spell out the high content, any type A diluent, and prominent warnings. Many factories tie the opening of a drum to a rigid checklist—grounding and bonding the vessel, keeping metal tools far away, and keeping eyes trained for cloudiness or off-colors that hint at decomposition. Ventilation isn’t just a suggestion. Authorities like OSHA in the United States or REACH in Europe lay out exposure limits and safe working procedures, sometimes stricter for production plants than for downstream users. In my work with industrial chemists, the headaches usually come not from paperwork, but from balancing reactivity and storage—keeping it cool, out of sunlight, protected from stray sparks or static.
Building cumene hydroperoxide hinges on a simple yet carefully managed oxidation. Air, as the oxidant, contacts cumene over a catalyst, converting some of the cumene to its hydroperoxide at moderate temperatures and controlled pressure. This ‘cumene process’ revolutionized the chemical world by squeezing value from a cheap feedstock while reducing waste. Once formed, the crude hydroperoxide demands careful purification—distillation comes with the risk of runaway reactions, so operations prefer slower, cooler processes under inert atmospheres. As for chemical play, this hydroperoxide acts as a source of free radicals in polymerization reactions and a trusted oxidant for certain organic syntheses. Drop it into a strong acid, and phenol plus acetone pop out. Let base or metals in, and you might spark a fire or an explosion, so people plan storage and reactions down to the hour and the gram.
You’ll find this molecule roaming through research papers and supply catalogs under many identities. Besides 'cumene hydroperoxide,' the label 'isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide' often appears. Chemists will call it CHP for short, though on invoices I’ve seen the less common names like '2-phenylpropane-2-hydroperoxide,' or just the CAS number for clarity. Different regions and manufacturers favor their own standard terminology, leading to plenty of confusion, especially in multinational projects. Precision in naming avoids costly mistakes, something I’ve experienced firsthand during cross-border consulting. If the label is ambiguous, someone down the line risks getting a dangerous surprise.
Peroxide safety isn’t about reading policies—it’s a state of mind. High-purity cumene hydroperoxide often gets the same respect as explosives. From double-layered containment drums to routine gas-leak detection, every step reflects lessons written in chemical burns, explosions, and near-misses. Eye protection, chemical-resistant gloves, splash shields—all non-negotiable. Regular training anchors safe habits. Teams run drills to handle spills without hesitation. In industrial settings I’ve visited, minor lapses—like a poorly attached grounding wire—can halt production for hours while supervisors double-check for signs of runaway decomposition. Industry standards don’t just tick regulatory boxes; they’ve evolved over thousands of human hours, incident reports, and incremental improvements.
The true value of cumene hydroperoxide lies beyond its chemical formula. Its biggest demand comes from the production of phenol and acetone, which in turn serve as building blocks for bisphenol A, polycarbonates, and countless resins and plastics that insulate wires, line food cans, and shape automotive parts. It’s also found a home as a curing agent in epoxy systems, enabling faster and more controlled hardening of products as varied as adhesives, coatings, and some fiberglass. On the laboratory bench, it drives oxidation reactions with selectivity not always possible with other peroxides. The reach keeps growing. Research groups have edged into using cumene hydroperoxide as a controlled oxidant for fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, especially for complex molecules that can’t survive harsher conditions.
Toxicity research on cumene hydroperoxide reads like a checklist of what can go wrong. Direct skin contact can burn and blister; inhalation can lead to coughing, headaches, or nausea. Multiple studies chart the acute and chronic effects, flagging both respiratory risks and the potential for liver or kidney damage after repeated exposure. Regulators in most industrial nations classify it as a dangerous substance, pegging workplace limits on airborne concentration to minimize chronic effects. I’ve watched health and safety briefings hammer home one point: even brief, low-level exposure can cause lasting harm if protective gear slips or a fume hood fails. Long-term studies in lab animals suggest it carries mutagenic potential, though the risk in typical workplace conditions stays far below thresholds for regulatory alarm. As someone who’s toured factories and research labs, I’ve seen the payoff from investment in air-handling systems, routine health checks, and honest incident reporting—often the difference between an ordinary workday and a medical emergency.
The path forward for cumene hydroperoxide isn’t just tied to old-school production. Piecemeal improvements in catalysts and process control aim to trim energy use, wring higher yields from the same raw materials, and generate less waste. As downstream industries search for greener chemistry, new research probes how cumene hydroperoxide might drive selective oxidations that previously demanded more toxic reagents. In the lab, scientists keep searching for modifications that tweak its stability without sacrificing its punch as an oxidant. The unavoidable hazards, though, push some researchers toward developing safer analogs or entirely different workflows—reducing the need to store or transport high-purity peroxides. I see a trend: balancing innovation against very real safety and environmental pressures. In my opinion, the future will likely see smarter process integration, maybe real-time sensors for decomposition products, and training that builds a culture of caution without stifling creativity. The drive for safer, cleaner, and more versatile chemistry keeps sharpening the way we look at every bottle, every drum, every new batch that comes off the line.
Stepping into any mid-to-large-size chemical facility in the world, you’ll likely find containers labeled with names most of us struggle to pronounce. Cumene hydroperoxide falls straight into that category. Still, this liquid is a workhorse, carrying much of the weight for industrial production—especially the concentration range of 90% or higher, with a little Type A diluent to keep things stable during use and transit.
Ask anyone in polymer manufacturing, and they’ll mention this compound for good reason. Cumene hydroperoxide acts as a catalyst or initiator during the process of creating plastics and synthetic rubbers. The high-active content of this chemical triggers and drives polymerization reactions, turning raw monomers into the everyday plastics used for pipes, containers, and packaging. Without it, the cost and complexity of producing sturdy plastics would weigh down supply chains and slow product delivery.
My own introduction to industrial chemistry happened in a plant that made acrylics. There, the crews watched Cumene hydroperoxide tanks like hawks. The right amount, mixed at the right moment, meant the difference between quality product and expensive waste. The stories about ruined batches—due to moisture sneaking in or a slight temperature slip—ran like cautionary tales passed between shifts. Safety protocols outlined the risks, ensuring no one forgot the dangers of handling strong, concentrated peroxides. Even so, that tension speaks to how vital this material remains for making plastics work as intended every day.
Out in the coatings sector, Cumene hydroperoxide gets the nod for helping cure polyester resins. Think boat hulls, automotive parts, and fiberglass. These tough materials owe much of their strength to precisely timed curing, which this peroxide promotes. You get fast, reliable hardening without compromising on finish or strength. This chemical’s reactivity streamlines repair kits for autos and boats, letting body shops patch and restore surfaces to near-new condition.
On the hygiene front, the story changes gears. Industrial sites dealing with complex contamination often lean on peroxides to attack organic buildup and color-workers’ stains. That includes Cumene hydroperoxide—it participates in specialty cleaning and bleaching tasks where a strong, reliable oxidizer is called for. Although it might not show up in laundry detergents at home, industrial cleaners often depend on it to restore high-value equipment and reduce downtime. In the food and beverage world, strict safety rules keep strong oxidizers separate from mainstream sanitation. Still, niche cleaning routines call for tough agents, and this one often fills the gap, always under careful control.
Everything about working with Cumene hydroperoxide shouts for responsibility. History shows why. Two decades ago, a processing mishap in the American Midwest caused a messy explosion—thankfully, no one got hurt. Tight rules sprung up locally, making chemical handling mandatory education for every new hire. The guidelines don’t reflect paranoia; they come straight from real discoveries about what goes wrong when people underestimate chemical energy. Personal experience taught me just how fast a small spill can turn into a sleepless night of containment and cleanup when protocols break down.
The industry keeps looking for safer, more sustainable routes. Some labs now trial less volatile peroxide alternatives, though right now, few match the effectiveness or reliability of Cumene hydroperoxide for high-volume needs. Engineering controls, smarter labeling, better containers, and digital inventory tracking all contribute to safer management. Investing in staff training and more frequent emergency drills helps keep risks contained. Better partnerships between chemical producers, regulators, and downstream users push new safety breakthroughs each year.
As manufacturing pushes towards greener processes, finding new ways to use less or substitute safer chemicals remains a top goal. But for now, Cumene hydroperoxide keeps supporting the backbone of modern polymer and resin production, proving that even the most tongue-tangling names have a place in shaping the practical world.
Having worked in both grocery retail and small commercial kitchens, I've seen what happens when good products go bad because storage gets ignored. Heat, moisture, and light can change the makeup of all kinds of products—food, supplements, chemicals, you name it. Mold, loss of nutrients, spoilage, even dangerous reactions start small and invisible. The difference between a shelf-stable product living up to its promise or losing value often comes down to how it’s handled in the back room or pantry.
Room temperature sounds simple, but temperatures fluctuate much more than people realize. Excessive heat speeds up chemical changes and fosters bacteria. For many consumables, 15–25°C (59–77°F) works best. Dry products get clumpy or stale if they get too warm. Pharmaceuticals can degrade or lose potency, which means they don’t just become less effective—they can put users at risk. Based on FDA and USDA studies, cold storage doesn’t work for everything. Sometimes, refrigeration causes separation or crystallization. Knowing the specific temperature range matters more than just keeping things out of direct sunlight.
I’ve tossed out cases of flour, sugar, and supplements because a tiny bit of damp made them hard as rocks or a breeding ground for mold. Dryness prevents caking and breakdown, especially for powders and grains. In science, this is about preventing hydrolysis and clumping, but on a practical side, it’s just about keeping containers shut and using dehumidifiers when storage areas get humid. Humidity levels below 60% work best for most shelf-stable goods. Silica gel packs or similar desiccants always seem like a detail, but they save money and prevent headaches.
Light—both from bulbs and sunlight—triggers degradation in vitamins, oils, and medicines. Clear packaging looks great on a shelf, but it ruins vitamin C, fish oil, and plenty of others in a matter of months. That’s why brown glass or opaque containers stay popular in both health and food industries. Oxygen is another silent threat. Oxidation dulls flavors, changes color, and in some cases, like in oils and nuts, leads to rancidity. Tight seals, vacuum packaging, or nitrogen flushing might sound technical, but essentially, keeping the air out and the product undisturbed keeps it fresher, longer.
Consistent labeling with expiration dates and usage guidelines does more than help in audits—it keeps staff and customers safe. Many injuries or confusion I’ve seen in kitchens or storage rooms come from unclear or missing labels, especially when repacking bulk products. Up-to-date labels help avoid exposure to expired or unstable materials.
The best approach boils down to a cool, dry, and dark space, well above floor level, away from hot pipes or windows. Heavy shelving helps with airflow, and keeping older items in front ensures they get used first. Regular checks for signs of pests, leaks, or spoilage make it possible to stop big problems before they start. Training staff to spot early warning signs pays itself back over time. Checking guidance from trusted health and safety organizations keeps product integrity and keeps people safe.
Spending just a little effort on proper storage preserves quality, minimizes waste, and meets requirements from agencies like the FDA, CDC, or your local food authority. Detailed care—right temperature, low humidity, protected from light and air, always with clear labels—means products last as long as promised and don’t turn dangerous or useless halfway through their shelf life. This isn’t just about compliance or cost; good storage reflects respect for what we use and the health of those who use it.
Anyone who's dealt with cumene hydroperoxide will tell you it’s not just another bottle in the chemical storeroom. This compound causes serious burns on contact and creates toxic fumes fast, especially during spills or handling accidents. Years mixing chemicals taught me fear doesn’t protect your skin—preparation does. You don’t walk into the lab in short sleeves or wait for a fume hood to get fixed tomorrow. Even a minor splash can blister skin or sting your eyes for hours.
Inhalation can trigger cough, dizziness, even trouble breathing—symptoms people underestimate until seeing a co-worker rush for fresh air. Its real threat hides in the way it reacts: shake it, heat it, mix it wrong, and you’ll start a runaway fire or worse, an explosion. A facility I once visited skipped labeling on its chemical drums. Someone grabbed the wrong container for cleaning and stressed the plant’s entire safety team for a week. If anyone thinks skipping labels saves time, imagine spending hours decontaminating a burn victim with paramedics standing by.
No expert rule-beater ever walked away happy after handling cumene hydroperoxide without the right gloves and goggles. Don’t trust bare skin or everyday glasses. Thick nitrile gloves and goggles with side shields keep splashes out and irritation away. Face shields help with bigger jobs; chemical aprons and closed shoes keep drips off skin. I never reached for “protective” lab coats after seeing acid eat straight through one in minutes. Long sleeves and tied-back hair cut down the risk more than any warning sign.
Working with this compound in the open air means breathing fumes or risking a build-up that triggers alarms. A friend’s small business upgraded its ventilation after a minor leak left everyone with headaches and sore throats. Good fume hoods make a difference, and it’s worth the investment to test them regularly. Short-term savings on equipment lead to long-term health claims and lost workdays—not a trade anyone should make.
Cumene hydroperoxide doesn’t belong near sunlight, heat, or any source of ignition. Metal shelves heat up under warehouse lights and someone always wants to “temporarily” store a bottle with incompatible chemicals. A warehouse fire in the next county started this way: poor separation and cheap shelving put one unstable drum right by another. Emergency shutdowns are no joke. Storing chemicals securely and keeping inventories low avoids too many headaches—and insurance hikes.
If a spill hits the floor, old shop towels and garden-variety soap won’t stand a chance. Neutralizing absorbent, splash-proof containers, and a clear phone tree keep everyone ready for fast cleanup. You only evacuate a building once to remember how much time matters. Emergency showers and eyewash stations belong within walking distance, always stocked and kept clear. Companies serious about safety drill their teams—and listen to staff after missed steps or errors come to light.
Video training often skips details about how it really feels to handle dangerous chemicals. Honest, hands-on training makes a world of difference. Reviewing actual incidents, not just reading a safety data sheet, brings home the risks. Clear communication and ongoing reminders push safety beyond just checking boxes. Safety means everyone knows the dangers and trusts the system in place. Cumene hydroperoxide has no patience for shortcuts—neither should we.
Spilled chemicals can quickly turn a worksite or lab into a dangerous place. I remember one incident back in the early 2000s when a small acid leak in my lab corroded several tiles before we noticed. Even tiny amounts make a difference—one missed step ruins equipment, or even worse, threatens someone’s health. So, managing the aftermath plays a huge role in keeping everyone safe.
Quick action isn’t optional. As soon as a spill happens, grab the proper safety gear—gloves, goggles, maybe even a respirator depending on the chemical. Don’t rely on guesswork. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) always deserve a look. The SDS lists the chemical’s properties and outlines what to do for spills. I’ve watched new lab technicians try to wipe up solvents with a paper towel, only to spread the mess or make it worse.
Stop the spill from spreading. Many workplaces keep spill kits close by, stocked with absorbent pads, neutralizers, and barriers. Place absorbent material around the edges to keep the chemical from reaching drains, cracks, or other areas. In my time supervising chemical storerooms, the absorbents usually made the difference between a small cleanup and a full evacuation.
Using the right cleaning method matters. Different chemicals need specific cleaning supplies. Acid spills call for neutralizing powders, not water; strong bases need something mild like vinegar. If the manual suggests it, ventilate the space. I once saw a mixture give off a nasty vapor cloud—no one thought to crack a window open. Luckily, no injuries, but we learned that lesson.
After cleaning, safe disposal protects people and the environment. Bags or containers for chemical waste should get labeled, then stored in the right location until hazardous waste pickup. Tossing anything down the drain or in the regular trash could mean fines, facility shutdowns, or worse, an environmental disaster. Data from the EPA shows that improper liquid disposal caused over 30% of chemical accident reports last decade. Nobody wants to become another statistic.
Accidents happen—but training keeps the impact small. Every year, our team runs through mock drills to keep everyone sharp and calm. Shared knowledge makes handling the real thing less terrifying. Regular checks of storage containers and workbenches spot small issues before they grow. I once discovered a slow leak in a drum, hidden by a stack of boxes, that could have easily led to a major spill if overlooked.
Laws and best practices remain in place for good reason. OSHA, the EPA, and state agencies all advise detailed protocols. The rules sometimes feel tough, but clear documentation and quick reporting protect everyone. Following these guidelines means avoiding injuries, pricey fines, and damage to company reputation.
No single fix covers every situation. Teams should talk about problems and review procedures regularly. If equipment gets old, replace it. If spill kits run low, restock before it’s too late. Experience, good judgment, and open communication make all the difference between a minor issue and a major emergency.
Ask anyone who’s spent time around organic peroxides about shelf life, and you’ll hear some strong opinions. Cumene hydroperoxide brings plenty of risk to a workspace and the clock starts ticking from the moment a drum rolls into storage. Storing this oxidizer isn’t just about keeping it out of sunlight. Small details—ambient temperature, container material, even how often it gets opened—shape how long it remains both useful and safe.
Higher concentrations boost reactivity. Commercial batches often sit between 70% and 80% purity, with the most common running about 80%. Anything north of that calls for downright caution, since instability ramps up. At about 80%, most producers stamp a shelf life of six months to a year on sealed containers, assuming storage at 20°C (68°F). Of course that only holds if nobody’s been fiddling with the cap or leaving it in a warm storeroom.
Drop the concentration by diluting it—let’s say closer to 50%—and the dangers ease up a little. That doesn’t mean anyone gets a free pass. Decomposition still creeps in, usually faster if you’re sloppy with procedure. Regulatory documents and technical sheets from organizations like the European Chemicals Agency and major producers such as Arkema make it clear: deviation from manufacturer’s storage rules drains the shelf life fast.
Toss cumene hydroperoxide into less-than-ideal storage conditions and peroxide radicals build up. The risk: pressure increases inside closed drums, and decomposition can run out of control. Temperature swings are the biggest offender, since reaction rates double for roughly every 10°C rise. So if someone parks it by a furnace or forgets a shipment outdoors in July, don’t count on it surviving more than a month or two without losing a big chunk of its potency.
Moisture in the air, metal contaminants (nickel, copper, or even rusty tools), all chew away at the expected shelf life. Realistically, as someone who’s cleaned up after a bad peroxide spill, I’ll take a fresh label date over an old drum every time. Practices in the lab showed that even a well-sealed bottle, ignored on the back shelf for more than a year, ended up sludgy and discolored—hardly reliable for process chemistry.
Packing practices matter as much as purity. Steel drums with special linings, vented caps, and light-proof coatings help slow the breakdown. Inventory management—the kind where nobody lets product sit longer than needed—works best. Regular testing (simple titration or peroxide value checks) pulls risky stock before it gets ugly. Cross-check that against data from safety audits, and the real lesson becomes obvious: shelf life stays long only when someone pays attention, every day.
Regulations demand logging manufacture date, concentration, and storage condition for each batch. That isn’t just bureaucracy; it’s a lifesaver. Taking shortcuts or ignoring the warning labels might feel tempting in a busy plant, but stories about ruptured drums and unexpected runaway reactions show how short the path is from complacency to catastrophe. Proper labeling, secure storage below 30°C, and keeping containers tightly shut give the chemical its best shot at lasting as advertised.
The dangers aren’t just legal or financial. Failure to respect shelf life means risking worker safety and product loss. Emergency teams and first responders keep close watch on aging peroxide stores for a good reason: old, decomposed batches fool even trained eyes, and the results can be explosive—sometimes literally. The habit of rotating inventory, training staff well, and keeping humble about chemical risk elevates the entire industry and keeps accidents off the front page.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (2-Phenylpropan-2-yl) hydroperoxide |
| Other names |
Cumene hydroperoxide, with not less than 90% content |
| Pronunciation | /ˈkjuːmiːn haɪˌdrɒksɪˈpɜːrɒksaɪd/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 80-15-9 |
| Beilstein Reference | 778129 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:37870 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL17345 |
| ChemSpider | 7289 |
| DrugBank | DB01915 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03a979b9-3f3d-4ab5-bfad-24b0bcf04793 |
| EC Number | 617-002-00-8 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1083 |
| KEGG | C00626 |
| MeSH | D003465 |
| PubChem CID | 7488 |
| RTECS number | GV0875000 |
| UNII | 9T9H25T55M |
| UN number | UN3105 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C9H12O2 |
| Molar mass | 152.20 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | pungent |
| Density | 1.05 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble |
| log P | 2.6 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.13 hPa (20 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 12.5 |
| Basicity (pKb) | Basicity (pKb): 7.36 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -0.87×10⁻⁶ |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.531 |
| Viscosity | 10.8 mPa·s |
| Dipole moment | 2.72 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 325.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -302 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3869 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | D18AX02 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Heating may cause fire or explosion. Harmful if swallowed. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | **"Flam. Liq. 3, Org. Perox. B, Acute Tox. 4 (oral), Acute Tox. 4 (dermal), Acute Tox. 3 (inhalation), Skin Corr. 1B, STOT RE 2, Aquatic Acute 2, Aquatic Chronic 3, GHS02, GHS05, GHS06, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09, Dgr"** |
| Pictograms | GHS02,GHS05,GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H242, H302, H314, H332, H341, H351, H411 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P220, P234, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P283, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P308+P311, P309+P311, P312, P321, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P410, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 3-4-2-OX |
| Flash point | > 75°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 190 °C (374 °F; 463 K) |
| Explosive limits | 1.7% - 7% |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral, rat: 382 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | 820 mg/kg (rat) |
| NIOSH | K0786 |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL: 6 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | Cumene Hydroperoxide [90% < Content ≤ 98%, Type A Diluent ≤ 10%] REL (Recommended): "Cumene hydroperoxide: Ca TWA: lowest feasible concentration |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 200 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Cumene Acetone Phenol Isopropylbenzene Cumene hydroperoxide (pure) Cumyl alcohol α-Methylstyrene |
