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Back in the 1970s, parasitic infestations in livestock kept farm workers up at night, especially across regions that depended on sheep and cattle for survival. Closantel hit the veterinary scene as scientists hunted for an answer to stubborn liver fluke and blood-sucking nematode threats. Closantel sodium, the salt form, soon found its way onto farms. Early clinical studies showed promise; cattle and sheep regained weight and lost the wool-matting and milk-drop issues that fluke infestations had triggered. Anyone who's dealt with sick animals knows how game-changing a reliable dewormer can be—it's less about chemistry in a lab and more about steady farm output, family income, and animal welfare. Closantel sodium brought hope to rural communities, spreading quickly through global livestock markets, mostly in places where fluke and resistant haematophagous parasites laughed off older treatments.
Closantel sodium falls under the category of halogenated salicylanilides, a class with a reputation for tackling blood-sucking and tissue-invading parasites found in cattle, goats, and sheep. Most products appear as oral drenches, powders, or injectable solutions, each tailored to animal size and type. Folks on the ground need clear labeling: trade names like Flukiver, Supaverm, and Closal boost name recognition and trust across farms. Best-sellers on the market get there by proving easy use, clear dosing, and solid proof of parasite control. Closantel sodium’s anti-parasitic punch centers on interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in parasite mitochondria, which puts these freeloaders out of commission fast. In my years watching animals bounce back post-treatment, it's always clear when something truly works. Closantel products have stuck around for a reason.
Closantel sodium appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder, with a bitter, slightly acrid smell if you ever get close enough. It doesn’t dissolve well in water at room temperature; some solvents help delivery, but formulating a stable product takes real technical skill. Chemically, the sodium salt of closantel runs with a molecular formula of C22H13Cl2IN2NaO2S and a molecular weight just under 590 g/mol. Its melting point hovers around 210°C. These properties matter out in the real world—handling, storage, and formulation depend on them, and you don’t want a product breaking down in a hot supply shed or caking up in poor humidity controls. Stability and shelf life depend on keeping the finished powder in cool, dry places, well sealed from light. Pharmacies and rural co-ops everywhere need that reliability.
Labels on closantel sodium products cover much more than a catchy name. The package has to lay out concentration—often 5% w/v or as recommended for larger animals. Dosing charts help farmers and vets pick the right amount by species, weight, and condition. Labels list withdrawal times for milk and meat, regulatory codes, batch numbers, and warnings—especially about overdosing and off-target species. Incidents of accidental blindness in dogs and people have happened with high doses or off-label use, so clear warnings are non-negotiable. Any time I've consulted for local farms, confusion over dose has led to calls—label clarity saves animal lives and builds customer trust. Regulatory authorities today hold firms to higher standards of traceability, child-resistant packaging, and plain language instructions, alongside good manufacturing practice (GMP) certification marks and hazard pictograms. Each new standard builds confidence and lays out accountability along the supply chain.
Preparing closantel sodium means reacting closantel free acid with sodium hydroxide in a controlled aqueous medium. Chemists keep water content, pH, and temperature in strict bounds throughout. Purity comes after repeated washing and crystallization; any contamination feels like Russian roulette when you’re dosing living creatures. Drying under vacuum brings out a crisp, high-purity product. Large manufacturers use bigger reactors and automated controls to avoid variations—a big step up from old bench-scale batches. You see why buyers pay more for products from firms with a long record of high purity and batch consistency. Any slip in the synthesis process can mean heavy fines from regulatory agencies or worse, accidental poisonings. Chemical vigilance, built-in clean-up procedures, and smart quality control all play a role. Preparation isn’t just a chemistry quiz—it’s the point where animal and human safety hinges on care and skill.
Researchers tweak closantel’s molecular backbone to look for analogs with better parasite control, less toxicity, or easier delivery. Changes to the halogen patterns or the addition of side chains sometimes yield molecules that fight off more stubborn or resistant fluke species. Other times, alterations make the drug less likely to build up in animal tissues or the environment, cutting down on residue worries in meat and milk. Some labs play with novel delivery methods—microspheres, injectables, or slow-release boluses—to stretch out effectiveness and cut labor costs. Chemical modifications face hurdles, though; stricter controls and demand for eco-friendly drugs force businesses to weigh costs and environmental impact as much as clinical punch. Each new candidate goes through screening to check if parasite death comes without unintended side effects—something farmers and households value more each year.
Walk into a vet pharmacy and you’ll hear closantel sodium referred to by all sorts of trade names: Flukiver, Trodax, Supaverm, Closamectin, Seponver. The generic’s full name—“N-[5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)cyanomethyl]-2-methylphenyl]-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide sodium salt”—rarely pops up on a farm invoice, but regulatory paperwork has to carry every possible synonym. This avoids mix-ups, especially in cross-border trade. Some countries stick with the generic, while others license unique brand combinations boasting extra ingredients or added marketing clout. Different strengths or minor tweaks in formulation might separate two bottles on a shelf. Out where dosing mistakes can cost thousands, it makes sense for regulators to demand cross-referencing every label and batch certificate with their international equivalents. In practice, it’s about making sure the bottle in a shepherd’s bag holds what the label promises.
Handling closantel sodium calls for gloves, goggles, and good ventilation. Technicians in factories and labs treat the dust as hazardous, setting up extraction hoods and spill containment to prevent accidental inhalation or skin contact. Standard operation procedures require regular staff training on spills, exposure symptoms, and emergency first-aid—same as with any substance that can cause eye or skin irritation, or worse, systemic toxicity. Farms receiving bulk shipments often get safety sheets outlining not just dosing but also what to do if a spill or animal reaction happens. Regulatory inspections can check everything from worker PPE to waste disposal logs. Having watched too many colleagues cut corners, I appreciate manufacturers who set the highest bar for personal and environmental safety. Old stories of pond run-off or unprotected handling remain warnings—compliance and constant improvement keep product and workplace accidents in check.
Closantel sodium products serve on the front lines in treating fascioliasis, haemonchosis, and certain forms of myiasis in ruminants. Sheep, cattle, and goats benefit most; in certain regions, closantel stands nearly alone in effective control during peak parasite seasons. The improvement in animal health translates into heavier weight gains, more milk, and less wool loss. Farmers also value how the drug’s long half-life delivers extended protection with fewer doses, which fits real-world labor challenges. Closantel’s reach extends to places battling resistance to other anthelmintics. At the same time, regulators and practitioners warn against off-label use in horses, poultry, or animals raised for pets—blindness and severe toxicity have struck where the advice wasn’t followed. In my experience advising mixed farms, closantel’s application depends as much on timely diagnostics as on bottle labels. Resist parasite resistance by rotating drugs, spot-treating, and sticking to recommended withdrawal periods—the hands-on approach protects both animal health and consumer safety.
Active research on closantel sodium moves through two streams: improving efficacy and reducing risk. Teams look for new salts or delivery vehicles to lengthen residual action and shrink required doses. Resistance looms large—field surveys keep cropping up showing Haemonchus contortus evolving to survive closantel exposure after repeated misuse. Geneticists and chemists collaborate, mapping resistance genes and trialing analogs that sidestep emerging defenses. The animal health world asks for products with minimum residue levels and faster breakdown in the environment. R&D also explores how best to blend closantel with other broad-spectrum actives, hoping for combination therapies that deliver a one-two punch. All this happens within tighter regulations on antibiotic and antiparasite residues—a nod to public health and exports. Partnerships between universities and animal health companies form the backbone of much of this research. Experience shows any new product needs the input of people working hands-on with livestock, not just reports from the lab bench.
Toxicologists have built out a profile for closantel sodium that covers target animals, accidental exposures, and environmental fate. Safe dosing ranges stay tight, with recognized danger to non-target species—notably dogs, cats, and even humans if ingested. High plasma concentrations in sheep and cattle lead to central nervous system symptoms like ataxia, blindness, or death. Incidents in farm dogs scavenging spillages or treated sheep offal echo through veterinary clinics, emphasizing the necessity for strict handling. Chronic exposure, either through repeated overdosing or improper disposal, raises concerns about residues in milk, meat, and soil. Environmental studies focus on persistence in manure and run-off into waterways, raising flags for regulators. Training and education continue to be the top ways to cut accidental poisonings. In practice, it saves heartbreak and lost livestock to weigh doses with care and keep all antiparasite drugs far from family pets or wildlife.
The future for closantel sodium rests on smarter stewardship and sharper R&D. Drug resistance grows as a shadow over the industry, nudging researchers toward new chemistries and combo therapies, and forcing farmers to rotate actives and monitor parasite loads closely. Product innovation heads down paths like extended-release injectables, formulas with built-in safety thresholds, and digital dosing systems that cut user error. Regulatory pressures add tighter limits on residues in meat and milk, faster product breakdown, and stricter animal welfare outcomes. As global trade in meat and dairy increases, imported products face higher standards for traceability and environmental footprint. Wider veterinary education—reaching smallholders and large commercial ranches—stands as the linchpin for long-term success. My years spent supporting rural farms taught me that real change happens not with the latest bottle, but with farmers who understand both the drugs in their toolbox and the risks these solutions can bring. Closantel sodium has proven itself a robust tool, but it will stay relevant only with fresh thinking and committed, on-the-ground stewardship.
Livestock keep a lot of families fed and many communities moving across the world. With that in mind, keeping animals healthy counts for more than just business; it puts safe food in homes and keeps farmers going strong. Closantel sodium plays a key role here, acting as a specific answer to parasite challenges that bother sheep, goats, and cattle. It takes on a nasty group of parasites, most notably liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica) and some blood-sucking worms, helping farmers avoid losses and animal suffering that come with these infections.
Lots of veterinary products make promises, but closantel sodium shows up with a track record. Livestock experts and veterinarians recognize it for its punch–especially in places where liver fluke puts a dent in herds and hits farmers’ wallets hard. I’ve seen, right in the field, how untreated animals drop in weight and suffer silent losses, which ripple through entire farming communities. Closantel sodium has pulled struggling flocks out of decline, restoring their weight and putting animals back into solid health without missing a beat in milk or meat production.
There was a time when all antiparasitic treatment looked the same—give a broad pill and hope for the best. Parasites have learned to dodge some medications, though, leaving vets scrambling for tools with a different edge. Closantel sodium stands out because it doesn’t get shrugged off by liver flukes as easily as older drugs. This is a big deal in countries where resistance has become the norm. By using a targeted solution, farmers keep other treatments in their toolbox for longer, which reduces the risk that we run out of options.
There’s science to back up these claims. The Food and Agriculture Organization reports that fascioliasis—liver fluke infection—costs the global cattle and sheep industry billions every year in lost productivity. Closantel sodium holds its ground as a preferred option because clinical studies have confirmed it clears infections fast, and blood tests show marked health improvements within weeks. Proper dosing shields both animals and people from the secondary effects of parasite outbreaks.
No one wants unsafe drugs in the food chain. Farmers have every reason to worry about residues in milk and meat. That’s why regulatory agencies like the FDA and the European Medicines Agency step in to make sure closantel sodium is only used according to strict guidelines. Drug withdrawal times before slaughter matter—a misstep could mean a bad batch of meat heads straight to the dinner plate.
What closes the gap is good training and honest communication. Rural veterinarians who actually walk fields with farmers drive home the practical steps: weigh animals correctly for accurate dosing, mark treated herds, log treatments, and follow withdrawal periods. Technology helps with reminders and digital logs, but trust in the professional’s judgment still makes the most difference.
Farmers want to avoid blanket medication and unnecessary costs. Satellite mapping and herd health tracking take a lot of guesswork out, letting close monitoring guide exact timing for treatment. Community-led education projects help too, making sure old habits—like over-treating or mixing medications—get replaced with approaches that work.
In the end, closantel sodium’s value comes down to a simple equation: it does its job so farmers can do theirs, and animals get the care they deserve. Parasite control isn’t a one-and-done affair. It takes real attention, good science, and a commitment to putting safe, healthy food on the table for everyone.
Many livestock owners run into trouble controlling internal parasites like liver flukes and certain worms. I remember raising sheep in the Midwest, where soggy pastures turned my flock into easy targets for parasites. Closantel sodium caught my eye because it reliably cleared up stubborn cases without causing extra stress for the animals or headaches for me.
Closantel sodium shows up in two forms on farms: oral drench and injectable solution. Most folks in large-scale operations stick with the drench. It involves drawing up a precise dose into a syringe, popping open the animal’s mouth, and squirting the liquid at the back of the tongue. Sheep and cattle barely flinch—especially when handlers know how to do it calmly. Young farmhands pick it up pretty quickly. That direct approach ensures that every animal takes in the medication instead of wasting it on feed or water where some might miss the dose.
Injectable closantel sodium works well, but most veterinarians reserve it for cases where drenching isn’t possible. This route matters most where animals won’t swallow liquids safely or stress too much during oral dosing. Subcutaneous injection, usually behind the shoulder, means you need to sterilize the site and watch your dosage. Getting it wrong can slow growth or, worse, threaten the animal’s health. So, injections should only happen under a vet’s guidance.
My experience with dosing boils down to this: you can cause harm if you guess. Closantel sodium, in particular, demands accuracy because too much puts pressure on the liver, sometimes even affecting vision. Each bottle includes instructions charted by body weight, and using a livestock scale makes the math simple. Eyeballing weights leads farmers down the wrong path, and sick animals deserve better.
If unsure, local extension agents and large-animal vets have the most recent dosing tables. They keep tabs on resistance patterns too, so a community of farmers learns from each other's mistakes. That’s how we found out in our own co-op that rotating dewormers every year reduced resistance and kept fewer sick lambs in the spring.
Administering closantel sodium comes with responsibility. I learned to write “withdrawal date” in my notebook after each sheep got medicine. This means tracking how long to wait before sending treated animals to market or using their milk, as even tiny residues in food threaten trust in farming. The withdrawal period—usually several weeks—protects consumers and helps farms keep their certifications.
Livestock suffer most where prevention gets ignored and old methods linger. Giving closantel sodium by mouth or through injection solves problems only if farmers monitor their herds and learn the signs of parasitism before it ruins whole flocks. Collaborating with veterinarians and talking to neighbors about what works builds stronger practices across communities. Every healthy animal means less waste, better productivity, and more pride in honest farm work.
Today, closantel sodium still serves as a core solution. But real progress happens through updated routines, shared knowledge, and putting careful thought into every dose—not just once, but year after year.
Closantel Sodium gets used in livestock farms everywhere. It works against fluke, roundworms, and other parasites in sheep, cattle, and goats. Lots of farmers turn to it when animals start losing weight or looking dull from parasitic infections. Closantel makes a big difference for herd health and farm incomes. But after years working on different ranches, some stories stick with me about what can go wrong if people ignore side effects or dosing rules.
Most folks who’ve spent time with sheep or cattle have seen one animal act strange or seem lost after worming. Closantel builds up in the animal’s blood, binding to proteins. At the wrong dose, or in sensitive animals, it can hurt the optic nerve. Sudden blindness doesn’t always last forever, but I’ve seen permanent damage in flocks where Closantel went in too strong or got mixed up in feeds. In a 2020 study, researchers found eye issues like reduced vision, cloudy eyes, or full blindness in a small group, especially if given too much or used too often. The warning sits right there on the label, but labels sometimes get ignored in tough seasons. It takes only a few cases to remind everyone that animal welfare and risk go hand in hand.
Closantel gets cleared through the liver and kidneys. After repeated rounds, animals sometimes show signs of jaundice or dehydration. Decreased appetite or rapid breathing can point to organ stress. A handful of blood tests have mapped increased liver enzymes or changes in kidney parameters, especially in young or underweight animals. One vet I worked with always insisted on rotating dewormers partly for this reason — spreading the load helps stop problems before they start. If the label says not to repeat a dose within a certain time frame, there’s a good reason behind it. Responsible dosing protects both animals and the families relying on them for a living.
Farm hands and pet owners sometimes overlook cross-contamination. Closantel isn’t meant for horses, dogs, or people. If it drifts or spills where it shouldn’t, the consequences can turn tragic. There are case reports of accidental poisoning in dogs that ate treated sheep carcasses. Symptoms like vomiting, trouble walking, and blindness happen fast. That’s why every farm hand should clean up carefully, store containers out of kids’ reach, and dispose of leftovers according to local guidelines. I tell everyone: gloves, closed containers, and hand-washing go a long way toward keeping families safe.
Closantel Sodium has helped wipe out parasite problems on many ranches. Scientists have studied its benefits and risks for decades, which helps veterinarians and farmers make informed decisions. The trouble comes when people skip weighing animals or rush through dosing — a small mistake can turn an investment into a disaster. Consistent record-keeping helps spot side effects early. I’ve found value in tracking animal weight, observing any changes after treatment, and keeping up with continuing education. If anyone spots a problem — like an animal behaving oddly after worming — the best step is to call a vet and bring the issue into the open. Open conversations build a culture of safety and keep both people and animals healthier in the long run.
Livestock owners know that healthy animals are the backbone of a working farm. Parasites, especially liver flukes and some roundworms, can take a heavy toll not just on growth but on the animal’s entire quality of life. Closantel Sodium stands out among the dewormers that target these problems. Too little, and the pests stick around. Too much, and there’s real risk to the animal’s health—or to the food supply chain. The right amount, at the right time, draws a clear line between healthy livestock and costly mistakes.
In practice, the commonly accepted oral dosage sits at 10 mg per kilogram of body weight for sheep and goats. Cattle usually get a slightly lower oral dose, typically around 7.5 mg per kilogram. These numbers might sound simple, but there’s no shortcut around proper weighing. Guesswork leads to underdosing, which fuels resistance, or overdosing, which endangers the animal. Based on published field studies and veterinary guidelines, sticking to these amounts helps farmers keep parasites in check while meeting safety standards.
Eyeballing a sheep and calling it 50 kilos doesn’t cut it. Anyone responsible for dosing knows the difference between a rough guess and a real scale reading. Underestimating an animal’s weight causes the medication to work less effectively, letting parasites keep thriving. Overshooting the weight can cause Closantel toxicity, which damages the eyes, the liver, and sometimes more. This isn’t just a theoretical risk—veterinary reports detail cases of blindness and organ failure from accidental overdose. Simple respect for the scales in the shed makes everyone’s job safer.
Milk and meat from treated animals need a set waiting period so residues clear out before they hit any family’s dinner table. Both sheep and cattle usually get a meat withdrawal time of about 28 days following treatment with Closantel Sodium. Milk from dairy animals can end up with its own withdrawal intervals, and sometimes treatment isn’t recommended for lactating animals used for milk-for-human-consumption at all. These numbers aren’t random—they come from years of data on residue testing and regulatory oversight. Ignoring them isn’t just poor practice; it puts consumer trust at risk.
Different breeds, ages, and health conditions call for a careful approach. Thin or sick animals might react differently to dosing, and young stock can be extra sensitive. There’s a temptation to use less medication to save money or "play it safe," but resistance thrives on half-measures. On the other side, overdosing doesn’t buy more protection. Eye problems rank high among Closantel’s side effects, usually showing up with overdosing or repeated doses.
Logging every treatment, dose, and withdrawal period takes minutes and can stop a world of headaches later. Written notes don’t just help spot resistance trends—they let the farm demonstrate compliance if auditors knock on the door. Traceability builds trust for those who buy livestock products.
No amount of online advice replaces the value of an experienced livestock vet. Every farm has unique pressures and parasite loads. Close contact with local veterinarians helps tailor dosing for local challenges, manage resistance, and adapt to new research. That spirit of teamwork—farmer and vet together—provides the best shield for livestock health and food safety alike.
I’ve spent time with veterinarians and farmers who make tough choices about animal health every day. Closantel sodium, an antiparasitic drug used to treat flukes and some worms in livestock, often shows up on their list of options. Questions always follow, especially when it involves pregnant or lactating animals. Families rely on these animals not just for today, but also for the next generation and their livelihoods.
Most available research focuses on the impacts of closantel sodium in sheep and cattle. At recommended doses, the drug usually works well to clear stubborn parasites, allowing animals to recover and produce milk or raise healthy offspring. But pregnancy and lactation are sensitive periods. In one published study, closantel did not cause obvious birth defects or miscarriages in sheep when used at the prescribed dosage. The World Health Organization and some veterinary textbooks echo those findings, though they point out data on long-term reproductive risks remain limited.
On the flip side, closantel has a relatively narrow safety range. Slight overdosing can cause serious toxic effects, including blindness and nervous system problems. Animal physiology changes during pregnancy and milk production. Metabolism shifts. What seems fine for a healthy adult ewe or cow may turn risky for a pregnant one.
On several ranches I’ve visited, owners tell me they hesitate to administer closantel to pregnant or nursing animals unless the parasite threat seriously outweighs possible side effects. One farmer shared a story: after a neighbor’s flock suffered from acute liver fluke, they followed a vet’s advice and treated only non-pregnant animals with closantel. For those expecting lambs, the flock manager switched to a different, older product backed by stronger reproductive safety data. In milk-producing cows, residue concerns also push some dairy operations to prefer alternatives for lactating animals; milk withdrawal times are important for food safety, and closantel can hang around in milk for quite a while.
This debate matters beyond individual flocks. Parasite resistance is building because of over-reliance on a few drugs. When farmers hold off on using closantel in pregnant or lactating animals, they help slow this trend. Yet, untreated parasites mean sick animals, poor birth outcomes, and less milk or meat production.
One solution lies with researchers and pharmaceutical companies. More dedicated studies, tailored to different breeds and local conditions, could strengthen the safety profiles of various parasiticides. Regulators need clearer, well-communicated residue guidelines for milk and meat so producers don’t have to guess. Veterinarians, armed with the latest evidence, should spend time educating farmers on the risks and benefits, instead of pushing a one-size-fits-all prescription.
For any family relying on livestock, keeping pregnant and lactating animals healthy means more than a technical calculation. It’s about protecting future animals, buyers, and everyone who shares the food produced. Rushing into treatment with powerful drugs like closantel without careful consultation doesn’t do anyone any favors. Judging by the stories I’ve heard and facts on hand, the best approach means sticking with tested withdrawal times, consulting a trusted vet, and never assuming what’s safe for one animal fits all.
Learning from experience, relying on solid research, and keeping communication open form the safest path for using closantel—or any drug—during these critical periods in animal care.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | sodium 5-chloro-2-[(2,3-dichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate |
| Other names |
Flukiver Closantel Na Anglamide Santel Asuntol Trodax Compound 4826 Na Benzenecarboxamide, 2-chloro-4-(1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)phenyl)phenyl-, sodium salt |
| Pronunciation | /ˈkloʊ.sæn.təl ˈsoʊdiəm/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 120618-01-3 |
| Beilstein Reference | 2512307 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:38638 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2103838 |
| ChemSpider | 57449 |
| DrugBank | DB11576 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.108.992 |
| EC Number | 269-528-9 |
| Gmelin Reference | 72911 |
| KEGG | C18733 |
| MeSH | Dichlorophenyl Carboxanilide |
| PubChem CID | 124078 |
| RTECS number | GQ3150000 |
| UNII | DMJ27D822A |
| UN number | UN3272 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID0051804 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C22H13Cl2IN2Na2O6S |
| Molar mass | 684.06 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | Density: 1.34 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble in water |
| log P | 3.9 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | 8.87 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 12.32 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -84.3×10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.656 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 4.81 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | Std molar entropy (S⦵298) of Closantel Sodium: 665.7 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | P52AG09 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | May cause eye and skin irritation; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08, Warning, H302, H373, P264, P270, P301+P312, P314, P501 |
| Pictograms | GHS05,GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H332, H373 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-1-2-酸 |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 331 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose) of Closantel Sodium: "340 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| NIOSH | RN8498 |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL for Closantel Sodium: Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 7.5 mg/kg |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Closantel Rafoxanide Oxyclozanide Nitroxynil Bromofenofos |
